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Risk factors for overweight and obesity in pre-school children

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Ewelina Polak E., Katarzyna Dereń K., Edyta Łuszczki E., Justyna Wyszyńska J., Adriana Piątek A., Artur Mazur A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2018

issue 1

5-13

Introduction. Obesity in children and adolescents is a growing problem in the 21st century. The epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases resulting from obesity is currently one of the biggest problems of modern medicine. Excessive body weight is the result of a long-lasting imbalance between the amount of energy supplied and its expenditure. Energy regulation of the body is subject to both genetic and environmental factors. Among other things, due to this, the problem of excessive body weight is most severe in societies with a high degree of socio-economic development. The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of selected environmental and social factors on the occurrence of overweight and obesity in pre-school children. Material and methods. The study included pre-school children from south-eastern Poland. After obtaining the consent from parents, 200 children (87 boys, 113 girls) aged 3 to 6 years were examined. A questionnaire used for the research was derived from the program: European Pilot Study Evaluating the Influence of Local Promotional Activities on Prevention of Obesity in Pre-school Children. In the subjects, body weight was measured on an electronic scale three times and the body height was measured three times using a stadiometer. Obesity was determined according to the criteria developed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children amounted to 6.4% in 3-year-olds, 11.3% in 4-year-olds, 17.7% in 5-year-olds, and 20.7% in 6-year-olds. A factor significantly increasing the risk of obesity among the examined girls and boys was the mother’s BMI index. Conclusion. Although knowledge about the factors that promote overweight and obesity is common, it is still a common health problem. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of obesity in children of parents with a BMI above 30 kg m2. Early maternal education can change the lifestyle of the whole family.

Nutritional behavior of pregnant women from the Podkarpacie province

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Katarzyna Dereń K., Magdalena Gaweł M., Edyta Łuszczki E., Sara Jarmakiewicz S., Aneta Sokal A., Ewelina Polak E., Justyna Wyszyńska J.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2017

issue 4

322-329

Introduction. Healthy nutrition is very important during pregnancy for both a baby and a mother. Modification of metabolic and hormonal processes i.e. metabolic programming occurs already at the prenatal stage. This process significantly affects the baby’s health and eating habits at a later age. The diet of a pregnant woman should supplement the demand for energy, nutrients, vitamins and minerals. An expecting woman needs to also avoid products that are contraindicated during this period, such as raw milk, eggs or meat. Aim. Assessment of nutritional behavior of pregnant women from the Podkarpacie province. Materials and method. 228 women living in the Podkarpackie province were enrolled in the study. Surveys were collected via the Internet. An anonymous questionnaire developed by the authors was used. Results. Women’s eating habits are primarily influenced by education. Most women had knowledge about proper nutrition and awareness of its impact on the health of the baby. A worrying fact was a very low intake of dairy products. 44% of women consumed dairy products only once a day. Fruit and vegetables consumption was also low (40% of the respondents ate only from 100 to 200 g during the day). Conclusions. Although part of the eating habits of pregnant women is correct, nutritional education should be introduced in this group, especially related to the adequate supply of dairy products, fruit and vegetables to supplement the necessary vitamins, minerals and protein.

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2 European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

1 2018

1 2017

2 Edyta Łuszczki E.

2 Ewelina Polak E.

2 Justyna Wyszyńska J.

2 Katarzyna Dereń K.

1 Adriana Piątek A.

1 Aneta Sokal A.

1 Artur Mazur A.

1 Magdalena Gaweł M.

1 Sara Jarmakiewicz S.

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Risk factors for overweight and obesity in pre-school children

Nutritional behavior of pregnant women from the Podkarpacie province