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EN
This article compares the 1958 published version of Josef Škvorecký’s (b. 1924) novel Zbabělci (The Cowards) with the recently published 1949 manuscript. It asks whether during the preparations for the publishing of the first edition a fundamental change of meaning occurred in the work or at least in some of aspects of it. The article concludes that the novel was influenced by small, but numerous editorial changes made by the author, which aimed at a more differentiated characterization of the hero, rather than an abridgement.
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Czech Samizdat Archives – the Past and the Present

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EN
In the former Czechoslovakia, samizdat was not limited just to the dissident community: the big “publishing houses” like Vaculík’s Petlice soon became a model for many local followers. Under communism, they naturally made effort to keep their activities secret; after 1989 vast majority of them did not find a reason to claim credit for their work and their production remained buried in their personal archives. Therefore, the lexicographic and bibliographic research in Czech samizdat faced a lengthy problem: while a representative part of the (mostly Prague) dissident publications had been smuggled out of the CSSR and collected in specialized archives in Scheinfeld (Germany) in the 1980s, it took quite a time to identify the local samizdat publishers and get access to their production.
EN
The article is concerned with the construction of the reader and narrative strategy in the early works of Michal Viewegh (b. 1962). It analyzes in particular two of his novels, Výchova dívek v Čechách (1994, English translation: Bringing Up Girls in Bohemia, 1996) and Účastníci zájezdu (Trippers, 1996), where communication with the reader is an element that fundamentally determines the form of the text. Both novels are based on the model of “writing about writing,” particularly the theme of problems faced by an author when constructing a work and the theme of his credibility. By contrast, the characters become actants in a series of template-based scenes illustrating the course (and pitfalls) of making topical belles-lettres. The main source of the literary game with the reader becomes a commentary on the tension between the author’s absolute power over the text and the assumed demands of the reader, in which a discrepancy emerges between the thematicized reader, which the author of the text limits, and the implied reader, towards which the novels head, owing to their structural demands. The author’s “credibility,” in the sense of the verifiability of events in the text by the reader’s turning to extratextual personal experience, is presented here as a measure of the value of the literary text: the literary message in Viewegh’s works is not credible if it is not guaranteed by something in extratextual reality. Viewegh does not seek to create an independent space for the text, but chooses, as the chief communication link between the implied author and the reader, events of extratextual reality, topical in the period the text was written. These events have an authenticating function. Understanding the text is therefore partly dependent on knowledge of often marginal details of social reality at the time it was written (including knowledge of the personal life of the novelist, who after the success of Báječná leta pod psa became well known to the public and was closely observed by the mass media). It is precisely the extent of the author’s self-presentation in the text in connection with the dependence of the world of Viewegh’s fiction on extratextual context, dependent on the world of the mass media and the reader’s knowledge of popular magazines (and often also the “red-top” press), which has earned him highly critical reviews. It is fair to say, however, that in Výchova dívek v Čechách and Účastníci zájezdu Viewegh has broken through a barrier related to the “Ich” in the text, and has, with his autostylizing game, expanded the realm of the possible in literature.
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