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Nowoczesność w majątkach ziemiańskich na Podlasiu w XIX–XX w.

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Chyra-Rolicz Z., Akademia Podlaska w Siedlcach
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2010
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vol. 08
EN
Podlasie at the second half of 19th century has been a territory undeveloped, land of back warded agriculture, traditional three-field system of cultivation and lack of visible enterprises of food processing. Trade and credit services were in Jewish hands. The usury was an intense calamity all groups of society. The great national tragedy – collapse of the January insurrection of 1863 and the enfranchisement of peasants done by the tsar authority consolidated the feeling of hopelessness, very difficult to overcome. Under the influence of Positivism ideas ad propaganda of everyday work for developing the civilization level of the country, in the circle of aristocracy and intelligentsia we can observe the firth proofs of modernization of nobles’ manors, better agriculture, beginning of new crow cultures, horticulture, plantations of sugar beet roots, willows and potatoes, using of modern agricultural tools. The landlords and middle manors’ owners, also tenants had invested into melioration of lands, developing of apiculture and honey – processing, cattle and poultry breeding, also fishery farming. It had appeared early establishing of food processing enterprises such as sugar-works, oil mills, ponds. The Agricultural Society in the province of Siedlce, established by prince Władysław Światopełk-Czetwertyński, had taken the big role in cultivation of civilization progress on Podlasie. The Society propagated establishing agricultural circles, usually provided by landlords, jointed landlords and peasants in common work on developing the country and promoting the agricultural education. Agricultural circles promoted also common, co-operative economic activity, such as agricultural shops, saving and credit, chaises, dairy. There were the first step into taking their matters in their hands, building social links and the origin of new the Polish citizen’s society.
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O stosunku Bolesława Prusa do "Starszych braci w Darwinie" oraz ich językowym obrazie wyrażonym w konstrukcjach omownych

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Machnicka V., Akademia Podlaska w Siedlcach
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
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2009
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vol. 05
EN
The aim of the present paper is to show periphrastic structures as the substitute names for animals. The periphrastic expressions are recognized as one of the most characteristics features of the style of Aleksander Głowacki. They are usually used in order to express the author’s relationship to the animal world. Moreover, the role of the structures in question is to describe the linguistic picture of selected animals and their genres as a connection of stereotyped and Prus’s visions, conditioned by context of a particular text. The article has been divided into six basic thematic units: 1. . Animals as the ancestors, relatives, friends, neighbours, bread-winners and assistans. 2. Animals as the miracle of Nature deserving of human admiration, wonder, fear and smile. 3. Animals as cultivated and useful elements of human material goods. 4. Animals as victims of human cruelty, callousness and stupidity. 5. Animals as creatures a specific appearance, behaviour and character. 6. Animals as immature and minor creatures. In the final part of the paper, the author describes language as the amazing tool for conveying and individual picture of the world even to distant future generations.
3
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Złudzenia semantyczne, czyli kilka podstawowych typów aproksymatów leksykalnych (na materiale języka angielskiego zestawionym z odpowiednikami polskimi, wybranym ze "Słownika angielsko-polskiego", "Polsko-angielskiego wyrazów zdradliwych" K. F. Rudolfa)

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Machnicka V., Akademia Podlaska w Siedlcach
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
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2007
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vol. 03
EN
The aim of the present paper is to discuss the problem of lexical seemings in the background of a Polish-English dictionary. The main attention has been focused on graphic approximations selected from the Dictionary by Krzysztof Filip Rudolf (Krakow 2003). The presented units have been divided into several groups, taking into consideration their stylistic and grammatical value. The words analysed in the paper have been provided with definitions and examples of their usage in English sentences, and their Polish equivalents.
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