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EN
Ukrainian citizens can work in Poland based on a work permit or a registered employer’s declaration to entrust work to a foreigner. Based on the Regulation (EU) 2017/850 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017, they were exempted from the requirement to have a visa when crossing the external borders of the European Union. This regulation came into force on June 11, 2017 and applies to short-term stays of up to 90 days over a period of 180 days. According to some representatives of employers’ organizations, this resolution is unfavourable to Polish enterprises. It may lead to Ukrainian citizens choosing to look for a join other European Union countries in which they can get higher compensation for their work than in Poland. The purpose of this article is to determine whether the visa waiver for Ukrainian citizens has influenced their decision of working in Poland within the 6 months of introducing the new regulations, i.e. from June to December 2017. The conducted research using the natural experiment method suggests that in the short term the lifting of the visa requirement for Ukrainian citizens had a slight negative impact on their employment in Poland.
PL
Obywatele Ukrainy mogą podejmować pracę w Polsce na podstawie zezwolenia na pracę lub zarejestrowanego oświadczenia pracodawcy o powierzeniu wykonywania pracy cudzo- ziemcowi. Rozporządzeniem Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2017/850 zbdnia 17b maja 2017 r. zostali oni zwolnieni z wymogu posiadania wizy przy przekraczaniu zewnętrznych granic Unii Europejskiej. Rozporządzenie to weszło w życie 11 czerwca 2017 r. i dotyczy pobytów krótkoterminowych, trwających do 90 dni w okresie 180 dni. Według niektórych przedstawicieli organizacji pracodawców przepisy o ruchu bezwizowym są niekorzystne dla polskich przedsiębiorstw, gdyż obywatele Ukrainy zamiast poszukiwać pracy w Polsce będą wybierać inne kraje Unii Europejskiej, w których mogą uzyskać wyższe wynagrodzenia za pracę. Celem tego artykułu jest ustalenie czy zniesienie obowiązku wizowego wobec obywateli Ukrainy wpłynęło na podejmowanie przez nich pracy w Polsce w ciągu 6 miesięcy od wprowadzenia nowych przepisów, tj. od czerwca do grudnia 2017 r. Badania przeprowadzone metodą eksperymentu naturalnego sugerują, że w krótkim okresie zniesienie obowiązku wizowego wobec obywateli Ukrainy miało niewielki negatywny wpływ na podejmowanie przez nich pracy w Polsce.
EN
Research which has been carried out in countries with developed market economies indicates that since the 1980s there has been a systematic increase in wage inequality. As a result, low-wage employment has increased. In recent years, many academic institutions in developed countries have been conducting research into the scale, causes and consequences of low wages. Such research has not as yet been systematically carried out in Poland. This article aims to contribute to the research. Its objective is to establish the scale and causes of low-wage employment in Poland in the last sixteen years. The contents of the article are divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the methodology of measuring low wages. The second part concerns the frequency of low wages in Poland and other countries with market economies. The third part of the article presents factors influencing the scale of the occurrence of low wages. According to the research, the number of people in low-wage employment in Poland systematically increased in the period from 1989 to 2004. In 2004 this number exceeded 22% of all working people. A similarly high percentage of low-wage employment is found only in Korea, Hungary, Great Britain, the USA and Canada.
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