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1

THE PHENOMENON OF LIE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF NEUROSCIENCE AND EVOLUTIONARY SCIENCES (Zjawisko klamstwa w perspektywie nauk neurokognitywnych i ewolucyjnych)

100%
Hohol M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2009
|
vol. 8
91-109
EN
The present paper deals with the phenomenon of lies and lying from the point of view of the theory of evolution and contemporary cognitive science. In order to investigate these relationships, the following steps are taken: firstly, differences between classical theories of lie are presented (including those created by Aristotele, Thomas Aquinas and Machiavelli) followed by their juxtaposition with the contemporary sciences. It is shown that not only human beings lie, deceive and manipulate. Secondly, the Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis in primathology is analysed (Byrne, Whiten, de Waal). Moreover, the neuroscientific approach to the act of lie exposure is discussed (e.g. Brain fingerprinting), along with the issues of neuroethics. Finally, self-deception is presented in the context of the theory of evolution.
2

ROGER PENROSE - PYTHAGOREAN OF COMPLEX NUMBERS? (Roger Penrose - pitagorejczyk zespolony?)

100%
Hohol M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2009
|
vol. 8
79-90
EN
Roger Penrose's philosophy of mathematics reaches beyond what is normally understood as mathematical platonism. In this article, the pythagorean threat in Penrose's philosophy of mathematics is reflected upon. Firstly, Roger Penrose's three worlds 'global' ontology is presented. Secondly, basic differences between mathematical platonism and original platonic concept of mathematics are pointed out, followed by the demonstration of the pythagoreist clue in Penrose's philosophy. From the data presented, it can be concluded that the primary criterion of the distinction between mathematical platonism and mathematical pythagoreanism is, as it appears, the category of causality. In platonism, the mathematical entities are considered as epiphenomenal whereas in pythagoreism as real causes of the physical world.
3

MORALITY IN THE LIGHT OF THE EVOLUTIONARY SCIENCES (Moralnosc w swietle nauk ewolucyjnych)

100%
Hohol M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2010
|
vol. 9
132-147
EN
The current paper puts forward the relationship between morality and evolutionary sciences and limits of evolutionary explanation. In order to study these connections, the following steps are taken: firstly, structure of evolutionary theory is presented. General evolutionary mechanisms (natural selection, sexual selection, kin selection) are summarized in detail. Secondly, middle-level evolutionary theories (reciprocal altruism, parental investment, parent-offspring conflict) are presented in context of morality and ethics. Thirdly, relationships between two visions of morality - 'Veneer Theory' and 'View of Morality as an Outgrowth of the Social Instincts' - are discussed in the light of the scientific arguments. Finally, the need to consider cognitive science and evolutionary psychology in naturalizing morality is demonstrated.
4

ROMUALD SWIERZBIENSKI'S TWO CRITIQUES OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION (Romualda Swierzbienskiego dwie krytyki teorii ewolucji)

63%
Butrymowski P., Hohol M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2010
|
vol. 9
6-34
EN
After Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, a lot of people started to be uncertain whether the proposed theory of evolution is compatible with their religious beliefs. It is, therefore, hardly surprising that in the second part of the 19th century we see quite a big number of scientists choose some radical solutions such as becoming a monist or an atheist. On the other hand, there are people who reject the new biological theory in favour of tradition and some archetypical picture of the world with a human as the crowning achievement of God's creation. In 1871 the Polish doctor of medicine, Romuald Swierzbienski, published the work 'Do humans originate from apes?' in which he strongly criticised the theory of evolution. Two years later, in 1873, he continued his attack but in a more polite and methodologically correct tone in the work 'How much truth is there in Darwin's work <>'? In our paper we will analyze and comment on both works of Romuald Swierzbienski. We will also present a hypothesis that there is a noticeable evolution in his criticism. As in his first publication, he mainly used anthropocentric world-view arguments, whereas in the second he preferred to refer to contemporary knowledge from biology and geology. We could even say that he turned from irrational philosophy to methodological naturalism. However, a particular argument can be found in both works. According to it, if a theory could not explain some facts, it means that it is wrong and therefore the opposite theory is better.
5

Palce, które liczą: znaczenie liczenia na palcach dla poznania matematycznego u człowieka dorosłego

51%
Cipora K., Szczygieł M., Hohol M.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
|
2014
|
vol. 30
59-73
EN
Finger counting being present in vast majority of cultures, plays very important role in the mathematical cognition. The practice of finger counting had large impact on the development of mathematics in a form we all know. Both neuropsychological studies and recent developments in cognitive neuroscience show close relationship between numerical and finger representations. Educated adults sometimes use finger counting as a backup strategy in order to reduce working memory load e.g. in calendar calculations. Despite commonness of finger counting, there are considerable between cultural and interindividual differences in finger counting. Apart from its role in numerical cognition, relations between number representations and fingers lend strong support to the embodied cognition hypotheses showing clearly that abstract concepts of numbers are anchored in bodily representations.
PL
Liczenie na palcach jest obecne w większości kultur i odgrywa ważną rolę w poznaniu matematycznym u osób dorosłych. Wywarło ono także wpływ na ukształtowanie się matematyki w obecnej formie. Dane neuropsychologiczne i wyniki badań z wykorzystaniem metod neuroobrazowania wskazują na wzajemne powiązania między mózgową reprezentacją liczb i reprezentacją palców. Liczenie na palcach jest wykorzystywane w niektórych przypadkach przez osoby dorosłe jako strategia mająca na celu odciążenie pamięci roboczej, np. podczas obliczeń kalendarzowych. Mimo powszechności tej praktyki, zaobserwować można bardzo duże zróżnicowanie międzykulturowe i międzyosobnicze w jej zakresie. Poza znaczeniem dla psychologii poznania matematycznego, badania nad liczeniem na palcach mogą służyć weryfikacji hipotez w zakresie ucieleśnionego poznania, ujawniając cielesne ugruntowanie pojęć abstrakcyjnych.
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