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EN
During World War II in exile there were several thousand Polish citizens of the Orthodox faith. Iran, Palestine and East Africa had the largest Polish population. The priests of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church, who were in exile, offered them spiritual care. In order to meet religious needs, on the initiative of the clergy magazines and leaflets appeared. In addition, for the purposes of the faithful, several prayer books were published in the Slavonic and Polish Church. The most important publishing centers of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church in exile were Tehran, Rome, London and Nairobi.
EN
The article discusses the history of the formation and activity of the Polish orthodox chaplaincy in the three western occupation zones of Germany after World War II. At that time, there were hundreds of thousands of refugees from Poland in the area. In terms of religion they constituted a mosaic. The followers of the Orthodox Church were the second largest group after the Catholics. The authorities of the Republic of Poland in exile felt obliged to provide these people with religious care. Led by Archbishop Sawa (Sowietov), priests carried out the ministry in Germany. The author has analyzed the political and social conditions in which the structures of the Polish Orthodox Church in refugee camps in West Germany were organized and functioned. The author has also presented the influence of the ethnic factor on the activity of the Polish Orthodox clergy.
PL
Artykuł traktuje o losie ks. protoprezbitera ppłk Szymona Fedorońki, kapelana wojskowego wyznania prawosławnego w odrodzonym Wojsku Polskim. Duchowny znakomicie zapisał się w dziejach Kościoła prawosławnego i sił zbrojnych II Rzeczypospolitej. W oparciu o źródła archiwalne Autor omawia kolejne etapy jego służby duszpasterskiej w wojsku – od szefa duszpasterstwa wojskowego w Przemyślu i Lublinie do naczelnego kapelana wyznania prawosławnego Wojska Polskiego i męczeńskiej śmierci w niewoli sowieckiej. Szlaki żołnierski i kapłański duchownego zostały ukazane na tle wydarzeń politycznych, które wówczas się dokonywały w kraju. Autor ukazuje m.in. najważniejsze problemy, z którymi musiał zmierzyć się kapelan pracujący na mieszanym narodowościowo i wyznaniowo terenie.
EN
The article deals with the fate of Fr. Protopriest Lt Col Szymon Fedoronko, who was was an Orthodox military chaplain in the reborn Polish Army. Th e priest has gone down in the history of the Orthodox Church and the armed forces of the Second Republic. Based on archival sources, the Author discusses the successive stages of his pastoral ministry in the army beginning with the head of the military chaplaincy in Przemysl and Lublin through the Orthodox chief chaplain in the Polish Army to his martyrdom in Soviet imprisonment. His life’s path as a soldier and priest is presented against the background of the political events that were taking place in the country at the time. The author shows, among other things, the most important problems the chaplain had to face working in an ethnically and religiously mixed area.
Rocznik Teologiczny
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2016
|
vol. 58
|
issue 2
243-268
PL
Artykuł traktuje o losie ks. Grzegorza Kuryłasa, kapelana w siłach zbrojnych II Rzeczypospolitej. W czasie II wojny światowej duchowny był organizatorem i szefem duszpasterstwa wojskowego wyznania prawosławnego w Armii Polskiej w ZSRR i Armii Polskiej na Wschodzie. Z pewnością postać ks. Grzegorza należy do najbardziej ciekawych i złożonych w dziejach wojskowego duszpasterstwa prawosławnego w omawianym okresie. Wokół historii księdza narosło wiele niejasności i kontrowersji. W oparciu o źródła archiwalne z Polski i Wielkiej Brytanii Autor omawia kolejne etapy jego służby duszpasterskiej w wojsku. Szlaki żołnierski i kapłański duchownego zostały ukazane na tle wydarzeń politycznych, które wówczas się dokonywały w kraju.
EN
The article deals with the fate of Fr. Grzegorz Kurylas, who was a chaplain in the armed forces of the Second Republic and the head of the military Orthodox chaplaincy in the Polish Army both in the Soviet Union and in the East during World War II. Fr. Kurylas certainly was an interesting personality and one of the most complex people in the history of the Orthodox military chaplaincy in the discussed period. Although he has always been very controversial among his contemporaries, his life and work are little explored. Based on the archival sources from Poland and Great Britain, the Author discusses the successive stages of his pastoral ministry in the army. His life’s path as a soldier and priest is presented against the background of the political events that took place in the country at that time.
EN
After the end of World War II, a large Belarusian intelligence community appeared in the West. From the political point of view, political emigration could be divided into followers of the Council of Belarusian People-s Republic (president Mikolaj Abramczyk) and the Belarusian Central Council (president Radoslaw Ostrowski). In the first decade after the war, Belarusian political emigration hoped for a military conflict between western democracy and the communist block. In the future global conflict emigrants were to opt for the West and strived for support of Western powers, which, after the fall of the USRR , would decide on the shape of Eastern Europe. Accordingly, efforts were made to establish principles of foreign policy. Belarussians were the ones intent to strengthen the relations with countries neighbouring Byelorussia. For this purpose, attempts were made to enter talks with, among others, the Polish, Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, Ukrainian, Caucasian or, even, the Russian emigration. Among the most discussed subjects was the issue of settling the arguments related to borders. Belarusian emigrants actively participated in the forming of various integration ideas on the territory of the East-Central Europe. For instance, the Belarussians worked in federation clubs 'Miedzymorze' and in Antibolshevik Nations-Block. The Council of Belarusian People-s Republic and the Belarusian Central Council held differing positions towards Poland. The factor connecting both political fractions of the Belarusian emigration was the striving towards suppression and elimination of Russian influence in the region.
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