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1

New Raw Materials from the New World: Transfer of Knowledge to Polish Pharmacies

100%
Arabas I.
Organon
|
2020
|
vol. 52
31-46
EN
Cataloguing of the natural world was started by the 16th–century scholar Ulisses Aldrovandi, who was inspired by overseas expeditions. Collectors of specimens, among whom were many doctors of medicine and pharmacists, noticed the possibilities for using exotic plants and animals in medicine. The first pharmacopoeias, however, contained very few of the previously unknown raw materials and they did not have a great impact on the contemporary therapeutic possibilities. In the Polish territories, the raw materials from the New World had already been recorded in Jan Woyna’s Krakow Pharmacopoeia of 1683, in which five American species were identified. By contrast, in the 18th–century Jesuit pharmacies, 30 such materials were already used, although they were not pharmacopoeial. In the 18th century, in the Polish lands, an important role was played by duchess Anna Jabłonowska (1728–1800), who gathered one of the richest natural history collections in Europe in Siemiatycze in Podlasie. Thanks to her support, the Polish nature literature was enriched with numerous works that were of importance for the development of the natural sciences.
2

Działalność Pracowni Historii Nauk Przyrodniczych i Medycznych Instytutu Historii Nauki PAN w 2021 r.

100%
Arabas I.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2022
|
issue 3
149–155
EN
In 2021, the members of the History of Natural and Medical Sciences Research Unit pursued a variety of topics, but most research activities were inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic and the history of museology of nature and technology. Our activities were fostered by international cooperation which facilitated access to foreign archives. The first step to joint action is creating the virtual cabinet within a proposed digital project titled The Lost Collection: The Cabinet of Natural History of Duchess Anna Jabłonowska in Podlasie (1728–1800).
3

NATURALISTS, COLLECTORS AND THEORETICIANS OF MUSEOLOGY (Przyrodnicy, kolekcjonerzy i teoretycy muzealnictwa)

100%
Arabas I.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2009
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
115-130
EN
The origins of the contemporary collectorship dates from times when the sameness of art and science was commonly accepted. In those days relics of the ancient past and natural individuals of newly discovered lands were presented at the same time. Cosmological character of the collections manifested the tenacity of recognition and representation of the surrounding reality. A great impact on completion of collections of curiosities in Europe had Netherlands, and in the basin of Baltic Sea a remarkable significance was gained by Hanseatic Gdansk. Collections of Jakub Breyn, Jakub Klein and Gotfryd Reyger became famous then. In the same way were imported individuals for Anna Jablonowska that composed one of the most interesting European collections. In course of time merging such a great multiplicity of collections was beyond collectors' power and museum pieces from collections of curiosities were parcelled out. It was a real beginning of specialist museums. A role of museum for science results from its function of methodical organizing collections that can be used by research workers. However, although the aims of scientific and museum centres are different, they come together on the occasion of museum recognition works when museums' workers borrow essential knowledge and methods from resources of science, and scientists search for useful research materials in museum resources.
4

Polish Studies of the Medical Traditions of the Ainu

63%
Arabas I., Asada S.
Organon
|
2015
|
vol. 47
137-145
EN
Present knowledge of the history of Ainu culture is owed in significant part to Polish Far–East researchers Bronisław Piłsudski (1866–1918) and Wacław Sieroszewski (1858–1945). They were both exiled to Siberia for their patriotic activity at the time where Poles struggled for independence. Bronisław Piłsudski is known for using glass photographic plates and wax recording cylinders for recording the already disappearing culture of the Ainu people. It is thanks to his research that we are able today to trace back the names of over 100 plants that had therapeutic, and as believed by Ainu, also magical power. The plants with the highest therapeutic significance had common characteristics: strong effects, intensive scent and stings. Nowadays, the Ainu people constitute an ethnic minority in Japan (population of over 20 000) and are supported by the Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies at the Hokkaido University in Sapporo.
5

Nie tylko kurs historii naturalnej. Księżnej Anny Jabłonowskiej zbiór „wszystkich przedmiotów dociekań rozumu człowieka”

51%
Arabas I., Bondar L., Czechowicz L.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2021
|
vol. 66
|
issue 1
137–160
EN
One of the richest natural history collections in Europe at the end of the 18th century was the Cabinet of Natural History of Duchess Anna Jabłonowska née Sapieha (1728–1800) in Siemiatycze. In 1802, the collection was purchased by Tsar Alexander I and handed over to the University in Moscow (where it burned down in 1812). It was only possible to recreate the richness of the collection and the way it was taken over after the sales documents had been found in 2008 in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. However, some documents were illegible, and it was only in 2020 that the entire documentation was read. It revealed a completely different image of the collection than expected, as in one part the collection refers to cabinets of curiosities. The article is the first publication in Polish on Anna Jabłonowska’s “art cabinet”, with translations of the lists of exhibits by Count Stanisław Sołtyk (from French) and by V.M. Severgin and A.F. Sevastyanov (from Russian).
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