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The Study of the Hungarian Elites of the 19th and 20th Century

100%
Pál J.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
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2014
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vol. 5
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issue 2
221-237
EN
The paper summarizes the latest results of the research conducted by the Hungarian historiography on the Hungarian elites of the 19th and 20th century. Empirical research on the political elite of the Dual Monarchy started as early as the inter-war period. A clarification of the concepts and an initiation of empirical research in the field were attempted at the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. After 1989, several scientists have continued studying the political, economic, military, intellectual elite and other elite groups, and it seems that remarkable results have been achieved in the field of elite studies, even though they are not in the main stream of the Hungarian historiography. Research in this field continues to present day.
2

DVAJA VYSOKÍ ŠTÁTNI ÚRADNÍCI – DVA INTEGRAČNÉ POKUSY – DVE „IMPERIÁLNE KARIÉRY“? (KNIEŽA KARL SCHWARZENBERG A GRÓF EMANUEL PÉCHY V SEDMOHRADSKU)

63%
Pál J., Holec R.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 3
447 – 470
EN
The struggle over Transylvania between the Hungarian political elites and the central state authorities in Vienna had various forms in the period starting with the revolution of 1848-49. Incorporation of Transylvania into the Kingdom of Hungary or the opposite process of its direct administration by Vienna represented the competing integration projects. They were promoted by various high state officials, usually representatives of the aristocracy and high ranking army officers. Their life stories and careers are good example for the statement that behind the top politicians was a large group of loyal bureaucrats, who served the regime, joined one regime with the next and kept the whole system running. It was not always a matter of the most important personalities, but their careers as loyal bureaucrats may supplement and clarify the overall picture of the Empire and the collected biographies of officials may contribute to clarifying the mechanisms of its functioning. The study devotes detailed attention to various generals and aristocratic officials, especially on two of the most typical representatives placed in charge of Transylvania: Prince Karl von Schwarzenberg and Count Emanuel Péchy. The route from the pre-modern to the modern state was characterized by continuity and effective bureaucratic and military control over its own territory, in this case over Transylvania.
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