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Cechy myślenia językowego Polaków na Litwie w warunkach trójjęzyczności

100%

Zav'jalova M. V.

Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

2003

vol. 15

187-194

Tezę o związku obrazu świata z językiem weryfikuje autorka eksperymentalnie na materiale pozyskanym od trójjęzycznych Polaków urodzonych na Litwie. Badanych proszono o wymienianie spontanicznych skojarzeń z hasłami z tej samej semantycznie grupy (‘stół’, ‘dom’, ‘kobieta’, ‘chleb’, ‘głowa’ itp.), podawanych im kolejno w języku polskim, litewskim, na koniec – w rosyjskim. Okazało się, że skojarzenia w dużym stopniu zależą od języka: tylko 30% odpowiedzi pokryło się. Oznacza to, że struktura pola semantycznego w świadomości językowej osób trójjęzycznych różni się zależnie od języka, którym one mówią. Mając do swej dyspozycji trzy układy językowe, które są różnie zorganizowane semantycznie i strukturalnie, osoby trójjęzyczne wybierają w ramach współrzędnych podsuwanych przez określony język. W pewnym stopniu wybór języka wpływa na sposób myślenia i system skojarzeń.

The hypotesis of the relationship between one's worldview and language has been experimentally verified on the basis of data obtained from Lithuania-born trilingual Poles. The subjects were asked to provide spontaneous associations with items from the same semantic area (table, home, woman, bread, head' etc.) presented to them in Polish, Lithuanian and Russian, in that order. It appears that one's associations to a large extent depend on the language chosen: only 30% of the responses overlapped. The structure of a semantic field in the linguistic consciousness of trilingual speakers depends on the language used on a particular occasion. Having at their disposal three linguistics systems, each with a different semantic and structural organization, trilingual speakers choose the options offered by a given language. In a sense, the choice of language influences the way of thinking and the system of emerging associations.

Stereotip poljaka glazami litovcev

63%

Zav'jalova M. V., Anglickene L.

Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

2005

vol. 17

145-186

The article presents the stereotype of a Pole in Lithuania, reconstructed on the basis of linguistic data, historical sources, press articles and folklore, in which the contemporary consciousness of Lithuanians is reflected in several ways. The authoresses have also conducted a questionnaire among students in Vilnius, making use of some of the questions from the Lublin LAS questionnaire (the ethnonym and its understanding, its synonyms, the characteristics and appearance of a typical representative, the valence of the expressions 'the Polish way' or 'like a Pole', the ways of complementing the formula 'he/she is a Pole but...', jokes and proverbs), and enriched it with questions about symbolic figures.The basic factors shaping the stereotype of a Pole and Poland in Lithuania were historical events, a strong and long-lasting influence of Poland on Lithuania in numerous spheres of life. The stereotype of a Pole has taken shape as a reflection of the resistance of Lithuanians to the process of Polonization, a resistance gaining in strength since the end of the 19th century, as well as of the development of nationalistic ideology in Lithuanian society. The Lithuanian stereotype of a Pole embraced various aspects of clear axiological overtones: social (a Pole used to be a member of the gentry, a persons of higher rank, now: a tradesman, businessman, thief), physical (a characteristic appearance, e.g. clothes), psychological (traits of character and patterns of behaviour, among which dominate conceit, the feeling of superiority over Lithuanians, cunningness and craft), ideological (excessive piety). Particular attention is paid to the Polish language, which is reflected in numerous paraphrases, parodies and sayings. The attitude of Lithuanians to Poles rests on the fear of a possible threat from the latter. A negative stereotype of a Pole has arisen from the historical complex of a suppressed nation. It is interesting that the complex surfaces in relation to Lithuanian-based Poles but not in relation to Poland as a country, which Lithuanians perceive in mildly positive terms and even take pride in the common past of the two nations.

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2 Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

1 2005

1 2003

2 Zav'jalova M. V.

1 Anglickene L.

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Cechy myślenia językowego Polaków na Litwie w warunkach trójjęzyczności

Stereotip poljaka glazami litovcev