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Monety z badań zamku w Człuchowie w latach 2010–2013

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Milejski P.

Pomorania Antiqua

2020

vol. Tom XXIX

s. 267-278

Eight single coins have been found in archaeological excavations in the Człuchów castle, conducted in the years 2010–2013. The head of the investigation was PhD Michał Starski from Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw. The collected material consisted of four mediaeval and four post-medieval coins. The oldest is a Teutonic Order hohlpfennig, type Gate II , dated to 1327/8–1337/8. The same type of coin was discovered during earlier research. The next coin is a shilling of Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. This coin is in a very poor condition, heavily worn on both sides and broken. Therefore, its identification is hypothetical. The last coins that can be dated broadly on the border between the Middle Ages and the Post-medieval period, 1457–1526, are the two hohlpfennigs minted in Toruń mint. These coins are characterized by the representation of a double cross in the field. The issue of these coins begins in 1457, when King Casimir IV grants the city a mint privilege. Both specimens were subjected to metallographic examination using the SE M-EDS technique. Both pfennigs were assigned to the C1.5 type according to Paszkiewicz typology. The silver content in the tested bracteates is at the level of 60÷74%, with 21÷35% copper admixture. We can see that coins of this type were made of medium quality alloy, as 10–12 lots (625–750/1000). Trace amounts of gold and mercury are also noticeable, but in both cases they can be natural admixtures of ore. The 16th century did not bring any coins. From the 17th century we know three coins - two identified and one hypothetically identified. One one-and-half groschen minted in Elbląg and two shillings were registered – one confidently identified, from the Toruń mint and one with a hypothetically assigned attribution. One-and-half grochen comes from the time when Elbląg was occupied by the Swedish army, which occurred in 1626. It was minted during the times of Gustavus Adolphus, in 1631. The first of the found shillings was issued in the Toruń mint in 1671 during the reign of King Michael. A second coin, which can also be a shilling, due to its appearance and style, we carefully identify as copper shilling of John Casimir, but due to the incompleteness and numerous scratches on both sides of the coin, our identification is uncertain. The last coin recorded during research is the Prussian ½ silver groschen from 1828 minted in the Berlin mint during the times of Frederick William III . We can assume that the coin got into the soil directly from the money circulation, shortly after the issue. Archaeological excavation on one of the most important castles of the Teutonic Order brought new material for research on money circulation in Danzig Pomerania (Pomerelia). All numismatic items unearthed during the works are single finds which is usually used to contain into small commercial transactions. Particularly puzzling is the lack of coins of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – both Polish and Lithuanian – which we know from previous excavation from five specimens. We only noted the uncertainly identified copper shilling of John Casimir. No Gdańsk coin was noted, but three products of the Toruń mint were registered. Reaserch at the Człuchów castle is continued by PhD Michał Starski, and new numismatic finds on this site are only a matter of time.

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Monety z badań zamku w Człuchowie w latach 2010–2013