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1
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Ocena spójności społeczno-gospodarczej polskich województw

100%
Nowak P.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2018
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vol. 107
321-337
EN
Social and economic cohesion is the essence of the European Union’s activities regarding regions. The level of development in many regions is below the EU average. For this reason, investments used by the EU’s Cohesion policy to achieve more coherence in the EU at the regional level. The aim of the paper is to assess the differentials of socio-economic cohesion among Polish regions for 2010 and 2015. The chosen aspects (such as affluence, health, education, innovativeness, entrepreneurship, regional infrastructure), which characterize socio-economic development, were analysed. The taxonomic method and cluster analysis were used to accomplish the goal. The analysis is crucial to assess the disparity between Polish regions regarding the level of development in terms of the effects of the cohesion policy.
PL
Spójność społeczno-gospodarcza stanowi istotę działań UE w odniesieniu do regionów. Poziom rozwoju wielu z nich jest poniżej średniej UE. Dlatego inwestycje realizowane z funduszy polityki spójności zmierzają do osiągnięcia większej spójności na poziomie regionalnym. Celem artykułu jest ocena zróżnicowań spójności społeczno-gospodarczej województw w latach 2010 i 2015. Do analizy przyjęto wybrane aspekty charakteryzujące rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy, takie jak zamożność, zdrowie, edukacja, innowacyjność, infrastruktura regionalna. Do realizacji celu zastosowano metodę taksonomiczną (Z. Hellwiga) oraz analizę skupień (metoda Warda). Analiza istotna jest dla oceny dystansu dzielącego województwa pod względem poziomu rozwoju w aspekcie efektów polityki spójności.
2
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Regionalna polityka klastrowa szansą podniesienia konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw

100%
Nowak P.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2013
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vol. 1
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issue 1
523-536
PL
Rozwój przedsiębiorstw i układów regionalnych charakteryzuje współcześnie szereg nowych uwarunkowań przesądzających o konkurencyjnym sukcesie lub jego braku. Regiony i funkcjonujące w nich przedsiębiorstwa stoją przed wyzwaniami rozwojowymi związanymi z globalną konkurencją. Konieczność osiągnięcia i utrzymania przewagi konkurencyjnej nabiera w gospodarce opartej na wie dzy szczególnego znaczenia. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie koncepcji klastra w rozwoju regionalnym jako kluczowego narzędzia sprostania współczesnym wyzwaniom rozwoju przedsię biorstw i regionów. Znaczna rola przypada tu władzom regionalnym, które kształtując i wdrażając polityk ę regionalną mogą, wykorzystać własny potencjał społeczno-gospodarczy, aby wspierać inicj o wanie i rozwój regionalnych klastrów.
3
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Analiza błędów w przekładzie unijnych aktów normatywnych na przykładzie Council Regulation (EC) no 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on Insolvency Proceedings.

100%
Nowak P.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2006
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vol. 13
171-195
EN
This paper deals with the analysis of mistakes and errors in the translation of the Council Regulation (EC) no 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings from English into Polish. This article presents a selection of examples from English and French versions together with their incorrect translations into Polish by UKIE with the author?s suggestions of correct equivalents. There is also a short description of the spotted types of language and translation method applied (or no translation method applied), syntactic and grammatical differences in Polish and English, as well as culturally-conditioned differences in Polish and English legal realities.
PL
This paper deals with the analysis of mistakes and errors in the translation of the Council Regulation (EC) no 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings from English into Polish. This article presents a selection of examples from English and French versions together with their incorrect translations into Polish by UKIE with the author?s suggestions of correct equivalents. There is also a short description of the spotted types of language and translation method applied (or no translation method applied), syntactic and grammatical differences in Polish and English, as well as culturally-conditioned differences in Polish and English legal realities. 
4
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Przestrzenne zróżnicowania poziomu rozwoju infrastruktury w polskich regionach

100%
Nowak P.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2017
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issue 174
489-497
5
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Regional variety in quality of life in Poland

100%
Nowak P.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 3
381-401
EN
Research background: Quality of life is viewed as the degree of people's satisfaction of various needs, especially including material, spiritual, safety-related needs and life aspirations. The aspects taken into consideration are economic, spatial, environmental and cultural ones. Quality of life is therefore determined by various conditions in which a human lives and the source of which is the hierarchy of needs and a value system. At the same time, quality of life can be viewed in terms of collectivity (objective aspect) and an individual's evaluation (subjective aspect). The former view shapes the existing living conditions and the latter results from the satisfaction from a specific person's life, experiences and ambitions. The multidimensionality of the quality of life categories translates into difficulties in defining and measuring it, and constitutes an interesting research object. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to diagnose and evaluate the variety of the quality of life in Polish voivodeships, in objective terms by building a synthetic measure allowing for estimating inequalities in the quality of life of regional communities. It was assumed that quality of life will be characterised by indicators grouped into the following areas: material living conditions, economic activity, health, education and living environment quality. Methods: The main method used for measuring quality of life is the linear ordering based on Z. Hellwig's taxonomic measure which allows for organising voivodeships in terms of the quality of life of communities. Additionally, the cluster analysis (Ward's agglomerative grouping method) was used, which allowed for distinguishing voivodeships similar in terms of the analysed phenomenon. Findings & Value added: During the realisation of the research goal, special attention was paid to the complexity of the quality of life issue and its measurement in terms of economy and rather important varieties in voivodeships were emphasized. The conducted analysis allowed for distinguishing groups of regions with the highest, high, low and the lowest quality of life.
6
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Cooperation of enterprises in innovative activities on the example of Polish regions

100%
Nowak P.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2021
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vol. 16
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issue 4
839-857
EN
Research background: Cooperation is an indispensable element of innovation activities of enterprises. Undertakings in innovation, by nature, require not only significant expenditures or creative human capital, but also cooperation with other enterprises, scientific institutions, and the business environment. Cooperating companies have a greater chance to compete in the international arena while building the innovative potential of the regional environment. Stimulating the permanent cooperation of enterprises operating in the region, in its various forms, is a key challenge for central government authorities, local government authorities, and other actors in social and economic life. The existing literature on the cooperation of enterprises focuses on the motives of cooperation and their effects, but to a lesser extent on the spatial similarity of these processes, i.e. in individual regions of the country. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to diagnose and evaluate regional differences in the level of cooperation between companies conducting innovation activities in Poland. The study used data on innovation activities published by Statistics Poland and data on enterprises participating in cluster cooperation published by the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development. Methods: The cluster analysis was used, allowing to identify voivodeships that are similar to each other in terms of the analyzed phenomenon. The spatial classification of voivodeships was performed using the Ward method, which is classified as hierarchical and is often used to group objects. The result is a hierarchical tree that groups the regions in increasingly larger clusters. Findings & value added: The results indicate a low level of cooperation and the existence of significant differences in the cooperation of enterprises as part of innovation activities in Polish regions. The low level of cooperation between companies in individual regions corresponds to the number of marketed innovations. There are similarities between some regions in terms of cooperation on innovation activities. The results of the analysis may provide an indication for national and European Union economic policy entities in the field of creating instruments to support the cooperation of companies on innovation activities.
7
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Program matury międzynarodowej w Polsce

100%
Nowak P.
Forum Oświatowe
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2020
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vol. 32
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issue 2(64)
99-114
EN
This paper presents the issues of the international baccalaureate program and its presence in Polish schools. The article presents original research using data published by the International Baccalaureate Organization. The research was focused on tracing the range and availability of international baccalaureate programs,both in terms of financial criteria and the distribution of schools implementing the IB DP program in Poland. The collected data showed the growing number of schools joining the IB DP program and the increasing number of students enrolling in the international baccalaureate program. This observation allowed us to draw conclusions about the increasing availability of the educational offer related to international educational programs, especially the international baccalaureate program in Poland.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę programu matury międzynarodowej i jego obecności w polskich szkołach. W artykule zaprezentowano autorskie badania, w których wykorzystano  dane publikowane przez International Baccalaureate Organization. Zebrane dane pozwoliły na prześledzenie zasięgu oraz dostępności programów matury międzynarodowej zarówno pod względem kryterium finansowego, jak i rozmieszczenia szkół realizujących program IB DP. Dane o rosnącej liczbie szkół przystępujących do realizowania programów IB DP oraz zwiększającej się liczby uczniów przystępujących do matury międzynarodowej pozwoliły wyciągnąć wnioski na temat wzrastającej dostępności oferty edukacyjnej związanej z międzynarodowymi programami edukacyjnymi, a zwłaszcza programem matury międzynarodowej w Polsce.
8
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Rozwój usług elektronicznej administracji publicznej w Polsce na tle Unii Europejskiej

63%
Miłek D., Nowak P.
Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy
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2021
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issue 65
47-73
EN
The information society, which was born along with the development of information and communication technologies, is a commonly used term in everyday life, both personally and professionally. The aim of the article is to evaluate the level of development of e-government services in the European Union countries, with particular emphasis on Poland. For the purpose of the research, the Perkal and Ward methods were used and the following indicators: DESI and EGDI. The available data from Eurostat and the Central Statistical Office in the area of public e-government services for citizens were analyzed. The article also refers to the development priorities of Poland and the European Union in terms of e-administration development. E-administration is one of the most important areas determining the essence of the information society. Rapid progress is observed in the development of e-government in Europe. However, it is not even, and there are significant inequalities in the access and use of ICT in individual Member States. Societies strive for quick and convenient handling of civil matters via the Internet. Electronic public administration in EU countries is under going a digital transformation, from traditional handling of citizens’ affairs to modern, i.e. electronic implementation of public services. As the research shows, the level of development of e-government services in Poland differs from the average in the EU, despite a significant improvement in such areas as open data, pre-filled forms and the availability of e-administration services for enterprises.
PL
Jednym z ważniejszych obszarów stanowiących o istocie społeczeństwa informacyjnego jest e-administracja. Celem artykułu jest ocena poziomu rozwoju usług e-administracji w krajach Unii Europejskiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski. Dla realizacji celu badań wykorzystano metodę Perkala i Warda oraz zastosowano wskaźniki: DESI i EDGI. Badanie przeprowadzono w oparciu o dostępne dane Eurostatu i Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego z obszaru publicznych usług e-administracji dla obywateli. W artykule odniesiono się również do priorytetów rozwojowych Polski i UE w aspekcie rozwoju e-administracji. Elektroniczna administracja publiczna w krajach UE przechodzi transformację cyfrową, od tradycyjnego załatwiania spraw obywateli do nowoczesnej, tj. elektronicznej realizacji usług publicznych. Następuje szybki postęp w rozwoju elektronicznej administracji w Europie. Nie jest on jednak równomierny, uwidaczniają się znacznie nierówności w dostępie i wykorzystaniu ICT w poszczególnych państwach członkowskich. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, poziom rozwoju usług e-administracji w Polsce odbiega od średniego w UE, pomimo znaczącej poprawy w takich obszarach jak otwarte dane, wstępnie wypełniane formularze oraz dostępność usług administracji elektronicznej dla przedsiębiorstw.
9
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The association between night shift work and nutrition patterns among nurses: a literature review

51%
Pepłońska B., Nowak P., Trafalska E.
Medycyna Pracy
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2019
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vol. 70
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issue 3
363-376
EN
The shift work system may affect the temporal distribution of eating and diet quality. The paper aimed at reviewing a body of research examining the associations between night shift work and dietary habits among nurses. Data from the PubMed and Google Schoolar databases, as well as references lists in selected papers were searched. The authors used the following keywords: nurses, shift work, diet, nutrition. Papers published in English or Polish were selected for the review, and as many as 19 papers published in 2000−2017 were eventually identified. The studies varied greatly with respect to the study size, subjects’ age and the duration of night shift work. The major problem was the heterogeneity of the tools used for dietary assessment. Self-administered questionnaires were used and analyses were rarely adjusted for confounders. Alcohol consumption was the most frequently analyzed aspect (N = 8 studies), followed by the total energy (N = 7), protein, fat (N = 6), and carbohydrate intake, coffee and fruit consumption (N = 5). The results showed quite a consistent association of night work with higher coffee (caffeine) consumption, as well as lower alcohol, and fruit and vegetables consumption. Few studies also reported more frequent snacks consumption, later time of the last meal, eating at night, meals irregularity, and a poorer diet quality among night shift nurses when compared to the reference. The review showed some poor nutritional habits among nurses working night shifts. However, the topic warrants further attention, owing to the relatively small number of the studies performed so far, and their numerous methodological limitations. Med Pr. 2019;70(3):363–76
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