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Work-life balance u pedagogů základních škol ve světle teorie vztahové vazby

100%
Střelec J., Seitl M.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 2
73–84
EN
The main aim of this study was to examine the influence of attachment styles in work-life balance. Prior research has demonstrated that attachment styles are important antecedents of interpersonal relationship quality and psychological well-being (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). Despite this, the theory of attachment styles has been largely ignored by researchers interested in workplace phenomena. When researchers began exploring the nature of adult attachment, they primarily focused on romantic relationships. Implementation of the theory into organizational settings began with topics such as leadership dynamics where the parent to child parallel is fairly obvious (Harms, 2011). Over the past two decades, however, number of studies have attempted to examine the role of attachment styles and a variety of behaviors, attitudes, and experiences in the workplace setting (e.g. Richards & Schat, 2011; Geller & Bamberger, 2009). The research sample consisted of 78 female middle school teachers. Data collection consisted of attachment style diagnostics using the Czech version of Experiences in Close Relationships and semistructured interview assessing respondents’ work-life. Depending on the attachment style, 15 interviews were conducted covering an equal number of secure, anxious and avoidant respondents. Using methodology of grounded theory, data analysis consisted of coding transcripted interviews, identifying key points and grouping them into concepts and categories. Results indicate that individuals with anxious attachment were more likely to experience negative spillover in both directions. Purely positive spillover occurred mainly among secure individuals. Avoidant individuals tended towards segmentation between domains. Secures mostly identified with their work, and individuals with ambivalent attachment fluctuated between segmentation and identification. Different reactions to authority confrontation were also found. Individuals with anxious attachment tend to subordinate to authorities. Avoidant indiviuals showed more assertiveness and resistance. Secure indiviuals acknowledged both personal and role dimentions. According to the study of Summer and Knight (2001), individuals with anxious attachment experience higher levels of negative spillover from home to work than did secures and avoidants. Secure individuals were also more likely to experience positive spillover in both directions. Prior research suggests that securely attached individuals are able to prevent the spreading of negative affect (Mikulincer & Orbach, 1995), are more likely to use constructive coping strategies in dealing with stress (Mikulincer, Florian, & Weller, 1993). Kahn and Kram (1994) suggested authority stances similar to our findings and proposed independent, counterdependent and dependent internal models of authority which correspond to attachment styles. Limitations of the study are in the specific research sample and its size. Further research applicating quantitative methods is advised.
2
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Potenciál vybraných typologií a modelů organizační kultury pro výzkum a praxi

100%
Vavrysová L., Seitl M.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 2
15-29
EN
The article introduces the chosen typologies and models of organizational culture which are used worldwide. The aim is to demonstrate common and different characteristics and way of operationalizing of organizational culture for the measurement of research and practice into selected examples of typologies and models of organizational culture. At first general concepts will be summarized and described such as organizational culture, typology and model. Then the survey will be focused on the description of individual typologies and models, which will be compared to each other on the basis of seven defined categories. The categories are following the theoretical base, the speed of the organizational culture measuring, the theory approach, the culture variations, the culture development, the aim and the financial demands. In the article are described advantages and disadvantages of typologies and models, their practical use and topic to which they are responding. The article tries to depict the differences between cultural theories with the use of individual items of organizational culture, which are divided into two areas. First is made of items which are easily observable such as customs, rituals, norms of behavior, the stories of the organization, company heroes or elements of the organizational architecture and equipment. Items of first area express in different extend items of the other part. The other part contains basic convictions, values or attitudes. This items are less observable, because their actual contains is much more sensitive to the question of experience and feeling than knowledge. The first part which contains easily observable items is often better detected with the use of typologies. In general the typologies are more suitable in case when the leadership of organization knows the area which could be a potential risk for the organization. The models are more suitable tools for the measurement of the second area, which contains items which are less observable. This article contains following methods of the typology: The typology of T. B. Deal and A. A. Kennedy, The typology of R. Harrison and Ch. Handy and The typology two-by-two matrix by R. Goffee and G. Jones. In the survey following models are mentioned: The Hofstede´s Multifocus Model, The Seven Levels of Consciousness Model of R. Barrett and The Denison organizational culture model. The methods of the organizational culture measuring are described according to the individual types and dimensions, which are parts of a given method within the description of the methods for measuring are defined advantages and disadvantages of the use of given techniques. The selection of the suitable method is influenced by the organization itself. The organization has decided for the organizational culture measuring. The reasons of this decision are the specific problems and the development of every organization.
3

ATTACHMENT STYLES: A MOTIVATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF PERSONALITY DISPOSITIONS IN SELECTION AND COUNSELLING

100%
Seitl M., Charvát M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 1
-
EN
The aim of the study is to propose a framework based on personality dynamics to interpret the results of a personality questionnaire used by occupational psychologists during management counseling, personnel selection, and employee development. The source for the interpretative framework is the attachment dynamics arising from the adult attachment theory (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). The study also demonstrates how the interpretative framework may be applied to employees’ personality trait data. The study builds on the results of implemented meta-analyses (Barrick & Mount, 2012; Barrick, Mount, & Judge, 2001) which claim that the question of the relation of personality structure and work behavior criteria, participating in overall job performance, has been resolved. The current results show that one of the theories that offers an insight into motivational processes affecting the manifestation of personality dispositions in work behavior is the adult attachment theory, and in particular the attachment theory in the workplace (Engel & Straatmann, 2017; Harms, 2011; Leiter, Day, & Price, 2015; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). The theory originally proposed by Bowlby (2010), and further developed by his colleagues, surpassed the borders of developmental and clinical psychology, and currently finds its applications in other fields; such as psychology of work and organizations. The attachment motivational processes may be operationalized through the major forces of attachment dynamics. The primary and dominant force is to obtain and maintain the real or imaginary closeness of key attachment figures in the situation of danger, threat, and uncertainty. The results of the study may concurrently be used as a tool in diagnosing the traits and secondary attachment strategies as a functional whole, providing information on the personality traits and situations under which the traits will be manifested in behavior. In particular, the proposed interpretative framework is intended for use in personnel selection and counseling.
4

ATTACHMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES AS PREDICTORS OF MENTAL OVERLOAD AMONG MEMBERS OF THE SECURITY SERVICES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

81%
Sulejmanov F., Seitl M., Molinari A.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2020
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vol. 23
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issue 1
31 – 44
EN
The aims of the present study are three-fold. Firstly, to investigate the use of different attachment and coping strategies among members of the security services of the Czech Republic, and explore the level of experienced mental overload. Secondly, to examine the relationship between the constructs employed in the study. In considering theoretical background and previous research (Janke & Erdmann, 2002; Johnstone & Feeney, 2015; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2012) we expect a negative relationship between positive coping strategies and experienced mental overload, but a positive association between negative coping strategies and experienced mental overload. Thirdly, to explore the incremental validity of hyperactivation and deactivation strategies over and above demographics and coping strategies in predicting mental overload. Both attachment and coping strategies were averagely used by the subjects of our study, while the mental overload was somewhat lower than the norm. Our study shows that the attachment strategies of hyperactivation and deactivation were superior predictors of mental overload. The results suggest that the construct of attachment strategies is more important in predicting workplace overload, compared to negative coping.
5

AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF WORK: ATTACHMENT ORIENTATIONS AND EMOTION EXPRESSIONS TO WORK-RELATED FILM

51%
Seitl M., Omastová E., Sulejmanov F., Hess U., Hareli S., Dostál D., Hypšová P., Kafetsios K.
Studia Psychologica
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2023
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vol. 65
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issue 4
307 - 319
EN
The present study investigated individual differences in attachment orientation at work as they relate to workers’ facial expressions to work-related emotions. In a laboratory study, sixty employees completed the Experiences in Work Relationships-Individual scale (EWR-I), which assesses attachment-related regulation strategies at work. Participants’ facial expressions while viewing film clips from a work environment series were assessed using computerized facial analysis software. The results showed that higher avoidant attachment was associated with lower average intensity of happiness expressions. In contrast, higher anxious attachment was associated with lower average intensity of anger and fear expressions. The results of the study suggest that facial expressions in response to work-related emotion stimuli serve as behavioural indicators of emotion regulation at work and, in particular, attachment-related emotion regulation.
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