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1

Związki Walthera Nernsta z Grudziądzem

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2022
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vol. 30
111-123
EN
Despite the wide interest in the person of Walther Nernst, it is difficult to say that his biography is fully developed. Leaving aside issues related to his university studies and scientific career, it is worth mentioning above all the hitherto undeveloped topic of the Nobel Prize winner’s links with Grudządz. It is generally believed that the scholar had a strong connection with Wąbrzeźno, where he was born on June 25th, 1864. Meanwhile, the much longer Grudziadz period in the biography of W. Nernst was not actually given much attention. The Author established when the Nobel Prize winner’s family settled in Grudziądz and where they lived in the town (16 Schuhmacherstraße, 25/26 Getreidemarkt). Furthermore, he reconstructed the subsequent stages of education of Nernst, culminating in the baccalaureate at the Royal Protestant Secondary School in Sienkiewicza Street (Börgenstrasse) in 1882. Attention was also drawn to the influence of the teaching staff on Walther’s scientific interests and to the frequent visits that Walther Nernst made to the Nerger family in Pokrzywno, especially during holidays. This is where, in the summer of 1891, he received the news that he had been appointed professor of physical chemistry at the University of Göttingen, where, in December 1894, at the age of just 30, he was made a full professor.
2

(rec.) Radosław Krajniak, Duchowieństwo kapituły katedralnej w Chełmży do 1466 roku. Studium prozopograficzne, Toruń 2013

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2015
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vol. 23
251-255
3

Obiekty wojskowe jako czynnik rozwoju przestrzennego wybranych miast ziemi chełmińskiej od końca XVIII do 1914 r. w świetle zachowanych źródeł kartograficznych

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2017
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vol. 25
49-65
EN
The common perception of the location of military sites fulfilling different military functions in a city is that it is a generally positive factor. Now just as in the past we can observe local authorities striving to have their own or allied military units stationing in their city or its vicinities. However, the benefits of such a presence in the urban space rather seldom outweigh the negative phenomena. Among the former there may be the participation of citizens in satisfying various social needs of soldiers, officers and their families. An important element is the increased sense of internal security in case of any armed activity, although, on the other hand, the cities located next to fortresses often became victims of the destructive activity of besieging troops. The author’s aim is to focus on yet another problem: the influence of constructed military sites on the spatial development of selected cities in the Chełmno Land from the end of 18th c. to 1914. The author argues that essentially, with certain reservations, these investments influenced the development of civil buildings in urban areas. Focusing on the end of the 18th c. results from the greater presence of the army in the urban space of this region as well as the beginning of developmental processes implemented until the beginning of the 20th c. For comparative purposes the choice fell on not all cities and towns of the Chełmno Land, but only on Chełmno, Grudziądz and Toruń to 1914. The comparative analysis of these cities is most appropriate because of the similar nature of the presence of the army, which means that in each of these cities there were military barracks designed for the various military units of the Prussian state; also, these cities were included in the category of the Vistula fortresses, although in different periods. The second reason for such a choice is the state of preservation of cartographic sources and the possibility of their acquisition for this study. Even a cursory comparison of these materials allows us to put up a thesis that the cartographic sources of Grudziądz, stored in Poland, Germany and Sweden, are best known today. These rich collections refer both to the intramural urban space and gradually developing suburbs with multiple military sites, and to the Fortress whose construction started in 1776. Despite the fact that it was Toruń’s cartography that started to be investigated earlier than that of Grudziądz, we are still lacking information on preserved and dispersed cartographic documents. This is particularly true of the Toruń Fortress, whereas the state of knowledge of Chełmno’s cartographic sources is among the poorest. The analyzed cartographic sources from the end of the 18th c. to 1914 make it possible to reconstruct not only the distribution of military sites in Chełmno, Grudziądz and Toruń, but also to observe, generally beneficial, coexistence of these sites and civilian buildings. Particularly, the second half of the 19th c. and the gradual modernization had an impact on the change of shape of these cities not only under the influence of industrialization, but also gradually implemented military investments in the form of many barracks and technical facilities. This has resulted in significant spatial outcomes that are clearly visible nowadays.
4

Stefan Hartmann (1943–2016), niemiecki historyk i archiwista

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2017
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vol. 25
313-315
5

Piotr z Grudziądza w świetle najnowszych badań. Uwagi na marginesie monografii Pawła Gancarczyka, Petrus Wilhelmi de Graudencz i muzyka Europy Środkowej XV wieku

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2022
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vol. 30
311-316
EN
The subject of this review article is a recent monograph devoted to one of the most outstanding figures in the musical and poetic life of Central Europe in the late Middle Ages, the Grudziądz-born Piotr of Grudziądz. The Author of this article engages in discussions on the author’s theses, predominantly relating to Piotr’s biography and, to a lesser extent, to findings in musicology.
6

Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Schmid (13 IV 1826–16 II 1922), oficer wojska pruskiego, bibliofil

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2018
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vol. 26
269-275
7

Grudziądzanie w aktach procesu kanonizacyjnego Doroty z Mątów od 1394 do 1521 r. Uwagi na marginesie wydania ich polskiej edycji

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2016
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vol. 24
187-196
EN
A good opportunity to outline the problem mentioned in the title of this article is the publication of the sources presenting the process of canonization of blessed Dorota from Mątowy, already existent in German version and known to historians as such since 1978, but recently translated into Polish by the senior bishop of the Warmian archdiocese, Julian Wojtkowski, with the consent of Böhlau Verlag from Weimar. Thus, it is not the fact that the source was published that is the reason for this article, but rather that it has been made available in Polish, which has particular importance due to its source value for scientific research and promotion of the knowledge about Dorota from Mąty, a blessed recluse of the late Middle Ages. Another reason is associated with numerous unknown references regarding the townspeople of Grudziądz of the 14/15th c., who participated in the process of canonization of Dorota. In author’s opinion, the source material included in the files of the process of canonization, unnoticed by the contemporary historiography dedicated to medieval Grudziądz, may prove to be a very interesting and valuable for the research of the religious and cultural life of the city. This allows us to claim that quite a numerous group of Grudziądz townspeople enrolled in the religious atmosphere typical of medieval Pomesania, as they demonstrated faith in the miraculous intercession of blessed Dorota. Dorota – a recluse from Kwidzyn, was treated as a patron saint that could have helped those who suffered from numerous ailments or diseases, even in the face of death. In the discovered witness testimonies there is no skepticism regarding the feasibility of such a help, sometimes present in other such records. Among Grudziądz townspeople it was widely accepted that people should pray to blessed Dorota, expect her help and dedicate vows. Although the opinions of Kwidzyn townspeople testifying during the process may be perceived as inspired by the devotion of local clergy, in the case of Grudziądz townspeople and their testimonies we clearly observe the great fame of Dorota in the northern part of the Kulmerland and belief in her miraculous intercession and prophetic gift, which was expressed especially in the testimony by the Grudziądz commander.
8

Andrzej Tomczak (1922–2017), historyk, archiwista

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2018
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vol. 26
261-267
9

Lothar Hyss (5 III 1960–19 III 2022) niemiecki historyk sztuk

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2022
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vol. 30
343-347
EN
This obituary is dedicated to Dr. Lothar Hyss, a well-known figure in Germany and Poland, former long-time director of the Westpreußisches Landesmuseum, who died at the age of just 62 on March 19th, 2022, in Everswinkel. The Author of this article focuses on presenting both the academic career of the deceased and his great organisational achievements in the field of museology. An important element is the presentation of Hyss’s contacts with scientific and museum institutions in Poland. With regard to Grudziądz, attention was drawn to its multifaceted contacts between Hyss and the Władysław Łęga Museum under the leadership of Director Ryszard Boguwolski (1942–2015). This cooperation has resulted in exchanges of exhibitions and the production of joint publications.
10

Narodziny miasta Grudziądza w średniowieczu w świetle XIX i XX-wiecznej historiografii polskiej i niemieckiej

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2016
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vol. 24
145-156
EN
The author disagrees with Marian Biskup’s opinion expressed in the first volume of “Rocznik Grudziądzki” (1960), that the city of Grudziądz belonged to “the Pomeranian cities that were relatively well-described historically”. It seems that the opinion of this great medievalist from Toruń was too optimistic. M. Biskup paid attention solely to the academic output of Xaver Froelich, a known German regionalist from the 19th c. The opinion cannot be any longer regarded as valid considering that he was the only such researcher for almost a century. It is Bernhart Jähnig’s remark – an archivist and historian from Berlin – that is more accurate. Jähnig, who described the Grudziądz charter of June 18, 1291, stated that until 1990s the history of Grudziądz has not been a subject of any comprehensive monograph; instead, there are only various articles or features of varying lengths. It is indeed surprising that until today there has been no publication summarizing the state of research on the history of Grudziądz, the city that turned 725 years since its establishment. This is puzzling, considering especially that Polish historians, unlike German historians, prepared a book about the history of city until 1920. The German historiography that covered the topic was only presented by Jerzy Serczyk, whose work is nevertheless limited to the period after 1945. The aim of the article is to analyze the achievements of both historiographies, or German and Polish historiographic tradition in relation to the history of the city. The author, juxtaposing German and Polish historiographies in relation to the history of Grudziądz, claims that both underwent various stages under the influence of political circumstances. Until the end of the Great War the German historiography was predominant, just like the German population in the city. During the interwar period and the first fifteen years of the Polish People’s Republic there were not many valuable publications in Polish language, although the German authors often published their nationalist or revisionist theses. Moreover, it is worth repeating that the year 1960 is often considered a turning point, as it was the year when for the first time “Rocznik Grudziądzki” was published, which gave scholars the opportunity to publish their works on the city and region. Over time some issues concerning the beginnings of the city in the Middle Ages were undertaken, while the review procedures contributed to the development of historical criticism. Still there is a lot of work ahead of us, especially when it comes to the use of archival research in the studies on Grudziądz.
11

Maria Daniel, Wspomnienia z czasu wojny 1939-1945. Bydgoszcz–Horodło–Grudziądz, wstęp i opracowanie Aleksandra Burdziej, Toruń 2017

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2019
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vol. 27
301-304
12

Hans Kyser (1882–1940). Grudziądzanin, pisarz niemiecki

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Sieradzan W.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2017
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vol. 25
289-293
13
Content available remote

Malbork w świetle źródeł w spuściźnie po prof. Karolu Górskim przechowywanej w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu

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Sieradzan W.
Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1(16)
39-55
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie wartości historycznej udostępnionej ostatnio w zbiorach specjalnych Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu spuścizny wybitnego toruńskiego historyka prof. dr hab. Karola Górskiego. W wymienionej bibliotece znajduje się liczna korespondencja Profesora, która pozwala poznać osoby, z którymi się on kontaktował w sprawach zamku malborskiego w okresie po II wojnie światowej. Ponadto są tam też pisma urzędowe, kopie listów wychodzących oraz maszynopisy tekstów dotyczących Malborka. Autor wykorzystując część tych materiałów próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaką rolę odgrywał Malbork w życiu i badaniach tego mediewisty? Interesuje go również wykorzystanie przez niego książek i rękopisów z zamku malborskiego, które po II wojnie światowej trafiły do Torunia.
EN
In recently shared special collection of Karol Górski’s legacy in University Library in Toruń, there are previously unknown sources, which illustrate the place of city Marlbork, especially teutonic knights castle in research and life of this most outstanding Toruń’s medievist. This sources shows the standpoint of Karol Górski about post-war problems of teutonic castle and most of all the details of polemic of Toruń professor with german science about the matter of assessment of so-called polish period in wielding the castle (1466–1772). In University Library are many correspondence of Karol Górski which allows to know the persons with whom Karol Górski contacted in matter of Marlbork castle after the II world war. Besides there are also official documents, copies of outgoing letters and typescripts of texts that concerns Malbork. This documents shed the new light on books and manuscripts that was gathered after II world war from Malbork.
14
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Czy Bernhard Schimd (1872-1947), ostatni niemiecki konserwator zamku malborskiego, był nazistą?

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Sieradzan W.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
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2014
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issue 2(284)
255-275
EN
In the article are the political views of the great German Bernhard Schmid conservator, architect and art historian, who were inextricably linked with the turbulent times in which he lived and worked. As a descendant of ancestors who came to Pomerania and Powiśle aer the partition of Poland, he considered these lands as purely German, for which Germany shed their blood for centuries. Until the year 1918 he was a member of the Conservative Party, and in the years 1918–1933 to Deutschnationale Partei. His was forced to adhere to the Nazi Party, which took place in 1937. Did not mean full acceptance of Hitler’s regime. On the basis of the denazifikation files and other sources, the author was able to come to the final conclusion that the methods of the Nazi party and the desire to build next to the castle of the Teutonic a training center for young talent NSDAP quarreled largely with his conservative-nationalist views, but even and Schmid underwent a certain degree of influence of Nazi power chauvinism. On the other hand, Bernhard Schmid is seen as an opponent of the Nazis destructive interference in the religious affairs of the church. Even as a non-party person was removed from the work of the diocesan synod and omitted in the election of representatives to the “Deutsche Evangelische Kirchenbundtag” as a result of the intrigues of Malbork members of the “Deutsche Christen”. Local Nazis considered him to be an old conservative, who was previously a member of the “Positive Union”, antiliberal mainstream, conservative, similar to a group called “Konfessionellen”.
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