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Bremeno dôkazu majú znášať tí, ktorí trvajú na disparite privilégií, alebo načo oprašovať staré filozofické argumenty

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Szapuová M.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 1
3-12
EN
Justifying the subordinated position of women in society by appealing to biological sex differences has a long history and is popular today, too. In this article the author aims to reconstruct some counter-arguments against such kind of legitimisation of gender inequality developed by Harriet Taylor Mill and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century. These philosophers articulated the problem of women’s subjection, and in line with their liberal position argued for women’s liberation on the grounds of freedom and social justice as well as on those of ethical utilitarism. The author argues that the arguments of these philosophers merit attention even today.
2
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Wittgenstein o istote: praktické rozriešenie skeptických pochybností

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Szapuová M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 5
725-741
XX
The aim of this article is to investigate Wittgenstein’s views on doubt and certainty as they are expressed in his work On Certainty in the context of discussions about scepticism. I begin with a critical analysis of the interpretational framework according to which Wittgenstein’s notes amount to the kind of anti-sceptical strategy which demonstrates the meaninglessness of sceptical assertions as flowing from an abuse of language. I note the context of Wittgenstein’s notes and I evaluate the strong and weak sides of the linguistic interpretation. Then I adumbrate the possibility of an alternative interpretation of these notes. Firstly, I offer a characterisation of the “sceptical problem” and I defend the thesis that Wittgenstein’s notes can be read as a reaction to the sceptical problem understood as a challenge which calls for the justification of claims to knowledge as defined by the tripartite definition. In the second part of the article I distinguish several types of reaction to the sceptical problem, and I argue in favour of the view that Wittgenstein’s stance on the question can be best characterised as a reaction to the sceptical challenge which provides a “practical solution” to sceptical doubts. scepticism, anti-sceptical strategy, knowledge, Wittgenstein, certainty, action
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SOCIÁLNY OBRAT VO FILOZOFII VEDY A JEHO DÔSLEDKY

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Szapuová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 8
641 – 651
EN
The paper sheds light on the social turn, i.e. a turn to the social dimensions of scientific knowledge, as observed in current philosophy of science. This turn is discussed in the context of the main debates on science in the 20th century philosophy. After the domain, in which the turn is taking place, is identified, the author proceeds to the indication of its sources as well as the main epistemological issues influenced by it. Several ideas brought to the forefront by the social turn are highlighted, too.
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