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EN
The focus of my paper are modern conceptualizations of the extra-discursive, non-symbolic primal materiality of the real, transcendent world. My reconstructions indicate that modern philosophical, literary theoretical and literary representations of the chaotic, autonomous matter of the world along with the subjective experience of the presence of such a domain employ mainly aquatic and nautical metaphors for various representations that all stem from the similar or analogous basic metaphysical and anthropological assumptions.
EN
The objective of this article is to briefly describe the ways in which aquatic and nautical metaphorics functioned in the seventeenth-century literature and philosophy in regard to meta-scientific discourse. The paper’s compositional frame is the reference to the interwar writings of Juliusz Kleiner. Firstly, I point out that the category of “life” along with the metaphors of “water” and “fluidity” he used, were ontologised and, in fact, refer to the undifferentiated domain of primal factuality that is located beyond the symbolic registers, ahead of the hermeneutic moment. Secondly, I hold that figures and concepts which appear in Kleiner’s writings, not necessarily refer solely to the French and German modern philosophy at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, as the sources of analogous conceptualisations: figurative and conceptual are to be found also within the seventeenth-century British meta-scientific discourse.The article’s axis is an analysis of selected writings of Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes and William Shakespeare concerning the ways they applied aquatic and nautical metaphorics. Auden, Wystan Hugh. The Enchaféd Flood or the Romantic Iconography of the Sea. London: Faber and Faber, 1985
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze the geographical metaphors used in Ephraim Chambers’ Cyclopædia (1728). The English cyclopaedist combined the geographical and colonial rhetorical figures with the systematic divisions of knowledge and science. Cyclopædia, which is the modern 18th-century encyclopaedia rooted in the spirit of British empiricism, does not only collect the existing knowledge but also aims to reach out to what is yet unknown, unrecognized. Thus, the parts of the world which are unknown and unchartered become validated as internal territories of the encyclopaedic space.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie metaforyki geograficznej użytej przez Ephraima Chambersa w jego Cyclopædia (1728). Angielski cyklopedysta dokonał nałożenia topiki geograficznej oraz kolonialnej na systemowe podziały świata wiedzy i nauki. Cyclopædia, tj. nowoczesna, osiemnastowieczna encyklopedia wyrastająca z ducha brytyjskiego empiryzmu ma nie tylko gromadzić dotychczasową wiedzę, jej istotniejszą cechą jest to, że musi orientować się również względem tego, co jeszcze nieznane, niepoznane. Połacie świata nieobjętego jeszcze poznaniem zostają w ten sposób usankcjonowane jako wewnętrzne terytoria przestrzeni encyklopedycznej.
PL
After the Treaty of Vilnius (1561), the process of gradual inclusion of Livonian nobility to the administrative and political structures of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth began. With the creation of the Inflanty Voivodeship in 1677, the Livonian nobility of German origin began to Polonise / Lithuaniseand return to Catholicism. The bond between the Livonian families and the Polish-Lithuanianstate began their great careers and political activities at the central level. The participation of “Teutonic” families in the public matters in the 18th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was measured through the senate offices and the legations. The greatest number of senatorsin the 18th century came from the Plater family, followed by Hylzen, Tyzenhauz, Zybergs and Grothuz families. Among the Livonian deputies, members of the Plater and Tyzenhauz family dominated, while the rest of the families gained much less seats.
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