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1

Cechy i zasady prawne negocjacji dyplomatycznych

100%

Bieleń S.

Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"

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2013

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issue 6

249-280

PL

Prawo do negocjacji mają wszystkie podmioty prawa międzynarodowego. Negocjacje występują w znaczeniu stricto i largo. W znaczeniu węższym jest to instytucja pokojowego rozstrzygania sporów międzynarodowych, w znaczeniu szerszym – uniwersalny sposób załatwiania wszelkich problemów. Istotą negocjacji dyplomatycznych jest poszukiwanie kompromisu między stronami. Negocjacje międzynarodowe opierają się na zasadach moralnych, politycznych i prawnych. Do najważniejszych zasad prawnych należą zasady: praworządności międzynarodowej, suwerennej równości państw, nieingerencji w sprawy wewnętrzne drugiej strony/stron, dobrej wiary, ufności i wiarygodności, partnerstwa i wzajemnych korzyści, swobody wyrażania woli, wypowiadania się i artykulacji oczekiwań, nieszkodzenia drugiej stronie i państwom trzecim.

EN

All subjects of international law have the right to negotiate. Negotiations are understood in a strict and a broad sense. It is the instrument of peaceful settlement of international disputes and the universal way of doing any issues. The essence of diplomacy is to seek a compromise between the parties. International negotiations are based on the moral, political and legal principles. The most important legal rules are: legality, the sovereign equality of states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other parties, good faith, trust and reliability, partnership and mutual benefit, freedom of expression, no damage to the other side and third parties.

2

The difficulties in the normalization of Polish-Russian relations

100%

Bieleń S.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2014

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vol. 4

61-70

EN

Poland’s Eastern policy is the result of the lack of a coherent concept, a return to the tradition of martyrdom and heroism, an ideologization in the form of missionarism and Prometheanism, and a confrontational attitudes towards Russia. The lack of a critical reflection over the chances for the normalization of relations with the largest country in the East is largely a result of ignoring our own national interest. The Polish political elites uncritically acquiesce to U.S. visions related to the encirclement and fragmentation of Russia. In this way, Poland becomes, at its own request, a hostage to foreign geostrategic concepts. Obstacles on the way to the normalization of Polish-Russian relations are subjective and objective. They find expression in each other’s attitudes, emotions and psychology, as well as the asymmetry of power and interests advanced by each party. Opportunities for the normalization of Polish-Russian relations should be sought in taking advantage of the mechanisms and experiences of Europeanization, i.e. Poland’s participation in the team play within the European Union. The condition for success is cooperative thinking, based on an accommodative strategy, and not a confrontational one, allowing for a re-evaluation of the negative ideological past to reach positive and pragmatic cooperation.

3

Geopolityczne myślenie o ładzie międzynarodowym

100%

Bieleń S.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

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2009

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vol. 1

27-46

EN

It is not possible to disregard the influence geopolitical factor on transformation of international reality, similarly it should not overestimate. The popularity geopolitical thought favour growing dynamics of changes in international relations, the decomposition of old systems of strengths and shaping the new policentryzm. The relative sense is falling of United States power and growthing a new great powers, shape of international balance system. The realistic optics forces to see the world hierarchy of strengths the objective order, which permits to bring back the individual international roles to occupy by states position. In explaining today's International Order, geopolitics plaits and is supplement with globalization. The Geopolicy take into account the most important objects from the point of the global balance of might, especially with part of a new powers. During when globalization anticipates the growing correlations as well, as the maturation the cooperative and integration processes. The geopolitical structure of international system has three-phase character, despite that happend the total decomposition of cold-war divisions. The „first” world make up the the richest states of the West. In contrast to them determine "third world”, full of regress and instability, in which exists tens of geopolitical individuals menaced with fall. Between world of wealth and poverty is alocated "second” world, which has the same character, typical for both. There are states, which will decide about international balance of strentgh in XXI age among three main sources of power – the United States, European Union and China. Also, belong to them Russia, the Latin states, states of ASEAN, Iran and arabian states. Their position is stable, they can, in dependence of development, to join to „first” world or falling in regress and find in „third” world. Binding this geopolittical division with effects of globalization as profitable visions, in civilization sense, it is possible to accept, that the „first” world is globalizated, the „second” world – partly globalizated and the „third” – where globalization is absence.

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1 Kwartalnik Naukowy OAP UW "e-Politikon"

1 Przegląd Geopolityczny

1 Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

3 Bieleń S.

1 2014

1 2013

1 2009

Cechy i zasady prawne negocjacji dyplomatycznych

The difficulties in the normalization of Polish-Russian relations

Geopolityczne myślenie o ładzie międzynarodowym