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EN
The article is devoted to the early history of “Rocznik Orientalistyczny”, the oldest Polish journal in the field of Oriental Studies. It was founded by a group of Polish scholars: Andrzej Gawroński, Jan Grzegorzewski, Władysław Kotwicz, Jan Rozwadowski and Tadeusz Kowalski. The first volume was published in 1915, but only the second one was attributed to the Polish Oriental Society, founded in 1923. The first seat of the editorial office was Lwów (until 1949), the second – Cracow (utill 1953), and from 1953 (until now) – Warsaw. The Polish Oriental Society was the editor of RO until 1953 (17 volumes). Since that year it has been edited by the Polish Academy of Sciences, currently by the Committee for Oriental Studies.
EN
In the article, the author attempts to describe Oriental studies as a separate and independent discipline of sciences, growing from their philological roots. The analysis and further proposals are based above all on Polish experiences of Oriental studies, which, for historical reasons, have nothing to do with E. Said’s ‘orientalism’. Classical Oriental studies were determined by their philological character and in some cases until now are understood as a philological discipline. However, contemporary developments in the humanities and in the world require a new approach to the study of Oriental cultures. This new attitude requires, for example, a new methodology. In fact, contemporary Oriental studies embrace such non-philological branches like Buddhist studies, Islamic economy or Chinese philosophy and so on. The author discusses several proposals in this concern, starting from a new definition of Oriental studies, not as an interdisciplinary but a transdisciplinary (in the sense of Welsch’s transculturalism) discipline. Such a perspective allows to offer some ideas, which can create a transdisciplinary methodology based on replication of methodologies of other ‘traditional’ disciplines (like history, anthropology, literary criticism and so on) linked with Feyerabend’s epistemological anarchism.
EN
A review of Swietłana M. Czerwonnaja and Selim Chazbijewicz's book "Tatarzy krymscy – Tatarzy polsko-litewscy" (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Toruń 2015).
PL
Classical arabo-islamic culture. Basic issues The article begins with an attempt to define the concept of Arabic and Islamic culture. Therefore its main purpose is to present the beginnings of Islam, Islamic community (umma) and the basic elements of Islamic faith and their nature. The most significant feature of the Arab-Islamic culture is its strong connection with the Islamic law – sharia, based on the Koran and Sunna. For this reason the presentation of its principles takes an important place in this text. The Islamic law determines all sides of this civilisation in macro and micro scale. It plays a crucial role in the development of the state, but also in the behavior of the ordinary man. The other point of interest in this article is the development of sciences in the Islamic world in the classical period. The classical or Medieval Arabo-Islamic culture developed subsequently in a specific way. The reevaluation of this development is currently an important axis of analyses in Arabic and Islamic studies.
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PL
Museums in the Arab World. A ReconnaissanceThe present paper is an attempt to present selected examples of museums in the Arab World. In the introduction I present shortly the history of collecting and museums in this region. Afterwards I try do describe some sorts of Arab museums. They are national museums: Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Bardo Museum in Tunis, Iraq Museum in Baghdad and National Museum in Damascus; two small museums in Sousse (Tunisia) – The Oil Tree Museum and the Dar as-Sid (Dar Essid) Museum; biographical Museum of the writer and painter Gibran Khalil Gibran in Bisharri (Lebanon), and three museums or galleries of contemporary art in Algiers (The Museum of Contemporary and Modern Art), Doha’s New Modern (Qatar) and Safar Khan Gallery in Cairo. I close my article with some reflections concerning the role of museums in contemporary Arab culture.
EN
The article deals with the half-legendary Quss Ibn Sa’ida from an ancient North Arab tribe Iyad, who is believed to have been a bishop of the Yemeni city of Najran and a monk (anachorete). The sources from the Quranic and medieval Arab (Muslim) tradition are gathered and analysed to underline the vivid place that Quss had in later historiography and theological works, and his unique position, a Christian, in the history of the Arab-Muslim culture. The case of Quss is not without value as far as the problem of common historical memory is concerned.
EN
The article discusses the novel 2025. An-Nida al-Akhir [2025. The Last Call] written by a young Egyptian journalist and writer born in 1982 – Mustafa al-Husayni. The novel was published in early 2011, between the fall of Zayn al-Abidin Ibn Ali in Tunisia and of Husni Mubarak in Egypt. It describes a revolution against the regime of Jamal al-Mubarak, son of Husni, spurred by a group of young Egyptians. The story takes place in 2025 and antici­pates the development of the political situation in Egypt and the Middle East between 2011 and 2025 in a utopian/dystopian manner. Alongside Utopia by Ahmad Khalid Tawfik and the poetry of Usama al-Abnubi and Abd ar-Rahman al-Abnudi, al-Husayni’s book is considered to be a forecast of the Arab Spring in Egypt.
RU
Статья посвящена фигуре Ахмада аль-Кардуди, марокканского чиновника второй половины XIX века, а также его государственной и дипломатической деятельности, с особым акцентом на отчете, который он написал для султана Аль-Хасана I (правил 1873–1894) из экспедиции 1885 года в Испанию. Текст был впервые опубликован в 1963 году под названием Ат-Тугфа ас-санийя ли-аль-Хадра аль-Хасанийа би-аль-Мамлака аль-Исбаньюлийя [Сияющий подарок Его Величеству Аль-Хасану о Королевстве Испания]. Этот отчет часто включается в арабскую путешественную литературу. Это не только отчет о выполнении задач, которые правитель поставил перед дипломатической миссией, членом которой был Аль-Кардуди, но и образ общественного и политического сознания марокканских элит, связанных с властью, силы Запада во время активной политики реформ, предпринятых правителем. К сожалению, эти попытки оказались малоэффективны. Делегация была принята на аудиенции регентшей Марией Кристиной, также посетила столицу Испании и важнейшие андалузские города, но сам автор, вероятно, по приказу султана, также очень интересовался военными достижениями испанцев. Подарок, написанный рифмованной и ритмичной прозой, может рассматриваться как литературное произведение (хотя автор, вероятно, не имел такого намерения), и в то же время образец оригинального официального судебного документа в виде дипломатического рапорта для правителя.
EN
The article is devoted to Aḥmad al-Kardūdī, a Moroccan official in the second half of the nineteenth century, and his state and diplomatic activities, with particular emphasis on the account he wrote for Sultan Al-Ḥasan I (ruled 1873–1894) from the 1885 expedition to Spain, which had been published for the first time in 1963 under the title At-Tuḥfa as-saniyya li-al-Ḥaḍra al- Ḥasaniyya bi-al-Mamlaka al-Iṣbanyūliyya [Shining Gift for His Majesty Al- Ḥasan about the Kingdom of Spain]. This report often is included into Arab travel literature. It is not only a report on the tasks that the ruler set before the diplomatic mission of which Al-Kardūdī was a member, but also an image of the social and political consciousness of Moroccan elites associated with power of the West in times of active attempt at reforms undertaken by the ruler. Unfortunately, these attempts had little effect. The delegation was received in audience by Regent Maria Krystyna, also visited the capital of Spain and the most important Andalusian cities, but the author himself, probably on the orders of the Sultan, was also very interested in the military achievements of the Spaniards. The Gift, written in rhyming and rhythmic prose, can be treated as a literary work (although the author probably did not intend to), and simultaneously an example of an original, official, court document in the shape of a diplomatic report addressed to the ruler.
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