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EN
Metropolises are hubs of the flow of goods, services, information, capital, people and, at the same time, the most important units in the structure of the voivodship’s settlement. This means that, though metropolis centers are naturally focused on cooperating with other like population centres, „involuntary” metropolis-region interaction may be observed (in theory it is difficult to determine the strength and nature of the relationship between the metropolis center and the region it is in). This article compares the development potential of the metropolitan centre to the regional context from both a static and dynamic perspective. Wrocław and Dolnośląskie voivodship, Kraków and the Małopolska region, and Warsaw and Mazowieckie voivodship serve as examples. A portfolio of indicators describing the process of regional and local development is analysed. The industrial structure of economies is also considered, allowing the place occupied by the metropolises’ development potential in their respective regions to be determined. The research will make it possible to create proposals for the structure of trade and economic development indicators of a metropolis and its regional environment. All of this will allow general conclusions on the role of the metropolis to be drawn, not only on the creation of the socio-economic development of the region, but also concerning the interaction between the metropolitan center and the region, which seems to be particularly important to the present differences in views on this issue in the subject literature.
PL
Podstawowym założeniem w artykule jest teza, że istnieje silna korelacja pomiędzy dostępnością komunikacyjną a gospodarczym potencjałem danego terytorium. Dobra i poprawiająca się dostępność komunikacyjna jest jednym z podstawowych celów działalności władz publicznych różnego szczebla: władz metropolii, jak również przedstawicieli rządu i administracji Unii Europejskiej. W artykule przedstawiono zamiary władz publicznych różnego szczebla administracji dotyczące wykorzystywania infrastruktury komunikacyjnej na rzecz dynamizacji wzrostu społeczno-gospodarczych wskaźników regionalnych. Jest to szczególnie istotne dla metropolii, ponieważ te jednostki układu osadniczego dążą do włączenia się w globalną sieć wymiany potencjału. Najsilniejsze miasta stanowią odbicie poziomu gospodarki narodowej. Rozwój infrastruktury komunikacyjnej stanowi dla władz regionalnych, jak również dla ośrodków i obszarów metropolitalnych istotne zadanie, gdyż dobra sieć transportowa umożliwia przyciąganie potencjału. W artykule dokonano przeglądu możliwości i rozwiązań dotyczących budowania połączeń transportowych w celu podniesienia ekonomicznego potencjału najsilniejszych miast w Polsce.
EN
This article’s basic assumption, and starting point, is that there is a strong correlation between accessibility (the availability of transport) and the territorial potential of an economy. Increased accessibility is one of the most important goals for metropolis authorities, central government representatives and key EU officials alike. The article shows the intentions of different levels of public administration representatives for how they would like to use the communication infrastructure to speed up regional and local social-economy indicators. Accomplishing that goal is especially important for metropolises which seek to join the global network of potential exchange. It is also important for governments because the strongest cities are “the mirrors” of the strength of the national economy. Economic strength is important for regions as well as metropolitan areas and metropolitan centre officials because they would like to attract potential. The article reviews the possibilities and solutions for building transport links to improve the economic potential of the most powerful cities in Poland.
EN
In this article the author analyzes the relationship between the distance from the center of the metropolitan cities and their economic potential. On the one hand the regional spatial distribution was analyzed, on the other hand the attempt to define "channels carrying" capacity of cities to cities in the functional area surrounding metropolitan centers, as well as "internal channels of growth" was made. Moreover, the author tries to answer the question, based on the results of the analysis, whether the small town grows faster thanks to its location in the area of functional impact of metropolitan centers in Poland. On the one hand, it can be assumed that the environment uses the functions and processes of the development of metropolitan center. Environment becomes richer by the presence of a strong metropolitan center in the region. This is due to the fact that cities cooperate with each other without the metropolis area, the environment is under the direct influence of metropolitan centers. Environment benefits from the presence of the metropolis and remains in its natural zone of influence. Range, direction and type of influence is different for each of the cities, but the true is that such a practice may be an interaction. Certainly the immediate environment of metropolis, also known as the metropolitan area has the strongest connection with the metropolitan center. There is also a second force "draining" the potential of the environment to metropolitan center. Both of these forces are present in the geographic space of small towns which are under the influence of the metropolis, so an answer which of these forces is dominant have to be find. Certainly the distribution of these forces is important for small towns in the regional environment of the metropolis. Author of this article will attempt to review if the economic potential of small towns is the influence of the internal forces, or is the result of a specific geographic location.
PL
W niniejszym artykule autorzy podejmują próbę analizy zjawisk, które mają charakter kryzysogenny w odniesieniu do miast. Odnoszą te zjawiska do współczesnych megatrendów i czynników charakteryzujących współczesne uwarunkowania rozwoju miast wraz z potencjalnymi zagrożeniami dla rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Istotnym elementem artykułu jest próba ukazania zjawisk o społeczno-kulturowych, gospodarczych i przestrzennych konsekwencjach. Jest to próba interdyscyplinarnego spojrzenia na problem zagrożeń wynikających z różnorakich aspektów funkcjonowania miast.
EN
In this article, the authors attempt to analyze phenomena that cause crises in the case of contemporary cities. The authors refer the phenomena to contemporary mega-trends and phenomena that characterize the determinants of urban development, together with potential threats to socio-economic potentials of Polish cities. An important element of this article is an attempt to show the phenomena of socio-cultural, economic and spatial consequences. One of the results that the authors would like to achieve is to take an interdisciplinary look at the problem of threats resulting from various aspects of the functioning of modern cities.
EN
The authors of the article raise important issues related to municipal water policy on the example of Kraków and Wrocław – two important metropolises in Poland. Urban water policy is presented in relation to public policies, water resources management and in the aspect of economic and social consequences of taking specific actions in the field of the city's spatial policy. The basis for formulating original conclusions are research conducted as part of the Water City Index – the first Polish ranking analyzing the efficiency of water resources management in Polish cities. This ranking was compiled annually in 2019-2021 using a similar quantitative methodology. The basis for the creation of this article were the works on quantitative indicators for the "index of water cities". All this made it possible to assess the effectiveness of water resources management in Kraków and Wrocław.
PL
Autorzy artykułu poruszają istotne kwestie związane z miejską polityką wodną na przykładzie Krakowa i Wrocławia – dwóch ważnych metropolii w Polsce. Miejska polityka wodna jest przedstawiana w relacji do polityk publicznych, gospodarowania zasobami wodnymi oraz w aspekcie ekonomicznych i społecznych konsekwencji podejmowania określonych działań w zakresie polityki przestrzennej miasta. Podstawą do formułowania autorskich wniosków są badania przeprowadzone w ramach Water City Index – pierwszego polskiego rankingu analizującego efektywność gospodarowania zasobami wodny w polskich miastach. Ranking ten był opracowywany corocznie w latach 2019-2021 przy użyciu podobnej metodologii ilościowej. Podstawą do powstania niniejszego artykułu stały się prace nad wskaźnikami ilościowymi dla „indeksu miast wodnych”. Wszystko to umożliwiło ocenę efektywności gospodarowania zasobami wodnymi w Krakowie i Wrocławiu.
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