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EN
Among the multitude of factors influencing socio-economic changes, consumption, its forms, importance and scope, plays an increasingly important role in the modern world. Along with technological progress, dissemination of liberal democracy and increasing globalization, the perception of consumption and its role both in the community and activity of individuals, has changed. Alongside the rise of importance of consumption in society, a development in distribution of goods and their impact on mentality can be observed. To maintain consumption places allowing the purchase of various goods by many clients, had to be established. Department stores, supermarkets and modern shopping malls depict the evolution of institutionalized forms of activity, which aims at satisfying the needs of a modern man. Their impact on the language, symbolism, culture and civilization has become a reference point for many researchers in various disciplines.
EN
A common past is the greatest “bone of contention” between Poland and Ukraine, being also an internal divisive issue in the societies of both countries. This pertains especially to the interpretation of events in the years 1939 – 1947, their evaluation and impact on current politics. The main thesis of the article is to show that in the case of Polish-Ukrainian relations after 1991 three types of memory are to be considered: political, social and oblivion. The first of them is linked to the historical and symbolic policy pursued by the organs of administration of the Republic of Poland. Due to a pro-Ukrainian trend in Poland’s foreign policy, many debatable points which had been “frozen” during the Cold War are belittled or said to be a closed past. Social memory is a bottom-up attempt to reconstruct national awareness and traditions disrupted by the Soviet Union. This process includes endeavors to preserve the memory of Poles murdered by the Ukrainian nationalists grouped in the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists-Ukrainian Insurgent Army (OUN–UPA). Those two different narrations compete for this part of the Polish society which lacks knowledge on Polish-Ukrainian history or is undecided in its opinion on the subject.
EN
The strategy for the development of bilateral Polish-Ukrainian relations, shaped on the basis of the Jerzy Giedroyc doctrine, had a significant impact on Polish historical policy, as well as on public opinion, education and the official media coverage. It is still a prevailing view for many political circles. Consequently it led to a lack of elementary historical knowledge among Poles and drew a veil over the difficult and „uncomfortable” Polish-Ukrainian history. It also did not lead to the creation of a true, real partnership for Polish and Ukrainian nation because the lack of working through the difficult pas. The article tries to bring this problem closer by presenting 30 years of relations between the two countries and introducing the state of education and public debate on the topic.
PL
Kształtowana na podstawie doktryny Jerzego Giedroycia strategia rozwoju dwustronnych stosunków polsko-ukraińskich odegrała istotny wpływ na polską politykę historyczną, a także na kształtowanie opinii społecznej, warunkowanej strategią edukacji i dostępności oficjalnego przekazu medialnego. Wciąż aktualna dla wielu środowisk politycznych, doprowadziła do deficytu elementarnej wiedzy historycznej wśród Polaków, stosując „zasłonę milczenia” na temat niewygodnej historii polsko ukraińskiej, lecz również nie doprowadziła do stworzenia prawdziwego partnerstwa dwóch narodów ze względu na brak wspólnego przepracowania trudnej przeszłości. Artykuł stara się przybliżyć ten problem, przedstawiając 30 lat relacji między oboma państwami oraz wprowadzając do tematu zagadnienie stanu edukacji i debaty publicznej z nimi związanych.
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