The article ‘Comments on the approach to human dignity in case law’ deals with some approaches to the interpretation of human dignity by international and constitutional courts including Czech Constitutional Court. It is the wide-ranging and extensive use of human dignity that certainly is a success of the post-war concept of human dignity as a basis for the protection of rights. On the other hand, the universal applicability of human dignity and it being ambivalently used is criticised for leading to vagueness and relativisation of the basic concept of dignity. However, given that the post-war conception is based on human dignity being the grounds for the human rights granted to all people, the universality of human dignity and its extensive use are the typical attributes thereof. The article describes fields of judicial interpretation of human dignity expressing diverse worlds of constitutional values.
The article deals with the practice of determining and recording a child’s ethnic origin by the bodies responsible for the social-legal protection of children in the Czech Republic when arranging substitute family care. The main focus is concentrated on the interpretation of the constitutional protection of ethnic discrimination in relation with the interpretation of “continuity of care” in the view of Article 20 para 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. These issues are considered from the point of view of principle of prohibition of discrimination and issue of legitimacy of data collection. The article leads to the conclusion, that the criterion of ethnic origin should not serve as a discriminatory criterion - to exclude a child from the possibility of substitute family care.
The article deals with the rather neglected constitutional issue of the responsibility of the President of the Czech Republic for his activities, which cannot be subsumed under “performance of the function” of the head of state category. It provides the overview of the opinions on the issue emerging from the past literature, especially from the period of the Czech “First Republic” as well as current literature. Furthermore, the paper gathers the relevant existing case law, especially the case law of the Constitutional Court, as well as the academic reflections. The final part summarizes the findings and conclusions. Among others, the paper comes to the conclusion that there exists private liability of the President of the Republic, although the distinction between the “exercise of a function” and the actions of the President of the Republic which do not fall within its scope, presents in some cases a very complicated problem. At the same time, the authors point out the fact that the President of the Republic – in addition to his actions in the field of private law – also has public-law rights and obligations like any natural person.
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Článek se věnuje poněkud opomíjené ústavně právní otázce odpovědnosti prezidenta České republiky za jeho aktivity, které nelze subsumovat pod výkon funkce hlavy státu. Postupně je provedeno seznámení s názory na problematiku v odborné literatuře historické, zejména prvorepublikové, a současné. Dále je shromážděna dosavadní judikatura soudů, zvláště soudu Ústavního k dané otázce a její hodnocení autory. Závěrečná část shrnuje získané poznatky, doplněné o vlastní závěry. Autoři mj. potvrzují konkluzi o existenci soukromoprávní odpovědnosti prezidenta republiky, byť uznávají, že rozlišení, zda jde o výkon funkce, nebo o jednání, které do oblasti výkonu funkce nespadá, může v některých případech představovat značně komplikovanou otázku. Zároveň upozorňují na skutečnost, že prezident republiky – vedle vystupování v oblasti soukromého práva – má také veřejná práva a povinnosti jako každá fyzická osoba.
The National Report on Multicultural Challenges in Family Law aims to provide an analysis of how multicultural phenomenon understood as a plurality of "ways of life" in society, based e.g. on cultural tradition, ethnic background, custom, religious conviction or sexual orientation, interact with family law. It served as a starting point for a comparative analysis of multicultural challenges in family law in the Civil Law Section of the 20th Congress of International Academy of Comparative Law (AIDC/IACL).
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