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FOCUSING EFFECTS IN THE MEMORY REPRESENTATION OF HUNGARIAN SENTENCES

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Pléh C., Sinkovics B.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2011
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vol. 66
|
issue 2
321-333
EN
In two acoustic sentence recognition experiments the relative importance of recognition times (from 0 to 40 seconds) and relationships between the target sentence and test sentences was varied. Hungarian promised to be a good testing ground for traditional theories that claim that while form is readily forgotten, sentence meaning is preserved. In Hungarian, the informational structure of sentences allows for clear contrasts between neutral and meaning related order variations. In the stimulus material target sentences were compared in recognition scores with identical, neutral word order, paraphrased and focused sentence pairs. The results partly supported our starting hypotheses, but at the same time they have shown that the intricacies of Hungarian sentential syntax call for a more reserved and more carefully qualified expression of the initial proposals of Sachs (1967) and Johnson-Laird and Stevenson (1970). Focused sentences we are clearly in contrast with non-focused initial targets even after 40 seconds. Therefore it seems that the information structure is somehow maintained in the long term memory system for sentences in Hungarian. In accordance with the classical results, the meanings of neutral word order variations are misrecognized in about 60 percent after 16 seconds already. Contrary to our hypothesis, even after 40 seconds, paraphrases were correctly recognized more than 60 percent of the time. Thus, to clarify the cross-linguistic validity of memorial paraphrase equivalence more types of sentential paraphrases should be compared. The studies supported the main ideas underlying the experiments: the informational structure of the Hungarian sentence seems to be retained in long term memory, unlike neutral word order variations. This finding calls for a more detailed study with more varied stimulus materials to clarify some further issues of what is ‘form’ and what is ‘meaning’ for the memory system.
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