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EN
According to principles of methodology any theoretical consideration of problems has to start with an outline of the considered field, followed with statement of purpose, well formulated definitions and an orderly arrangement of ideas. On such background further detailed considerations can be carried out in a possibly objective way. In the field of conservation and reconstruction of ancient objects there is a definite lack of such a methodological base. Motivations, interpretations and discussions have a rather individual, subjective and emotional background. Hence, no possibilities exist for more objective rational criteria. The aim of the article is to suggest a possible classification of basic factors influencing the eventual final effects of reconstruction and to draw some critical conclusions as concerns the present state of affairs both in movable and immovable groups of objects. First, a basic definition of ancient object and reconstruction is given. The object has to be treated as a document from the past and its value lies in its authenticity. On the other hand reconstruction will never be authentic and its value lies in a possibly exact repetition of the original. As concerns the „evaluation" of the reconstruction there are several possible criteria, depending on particular cases and their requirements. The simplest is the evaluation by the amount of reconstructed parts versus the preserved original. Important is which parts have been reconstructed, how near their form corresponds to the lost original, what is the technical and aesthetic level of reconstruction, as well as proper motivation, respect for age and historical importance, and last but not least a proper adherence to ethical standards. By these is understood a proper respect for the original and for the need of its preservation with all historical evidence. These theoretical considerations are followed with commented examples as well from the field of movable as of immovable objects, with the general principle in view that the basic methodology and ethical principles are the same for a l l kinds of ancient objects notwithstanding their cathegory or value. The final remarks concern the wrong lines of „propaganda” for reconstruction, identified as conservation, done by radio, television and by press articles. There may also be need to introduce more oi these theoretical methodological subjects to academic teaching ol restorers, because at present it seems that these studies are going a bit too far into reconstruction as their main objective, withoul a proper theoretical and critical background.
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