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1
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ZÁCHRANNÝ VÝSKUM PRI KOSTOLE NARODENIA PANNY MÁRIE VO VEĽKÝCH CHYNDICIACH

100%
Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2013
|
issue 53
133 - 147
EN
Reconstruction furrows deepened along the building and its vicinity were documented during a short rescue exploration at the Church of the Nativity of Virgin Mary in Veľké Chyndice. New information on the used construction technology and development of the object, consisting of the remains of Roman nave and apsis (13th century), Baroque nave (18th century) and pre-built tower (20th century), was acquired. It was shown that the foundations of the Roman building were built in bricks. Shallow foundations may have been fixed by the stone-brick sustaining wall only as late as in Modern Times. There was partial uncovering of a short section of stone-brick foundation wall, remains of the medieval sacristy renovated in Baroque, which made it possible to reconstruct its ground plan. A slightly misaligned sacristy, connected in the east to the apsis and in the west to the Church´s Roman nave, had inner dimensions of 3.33 x 2.62 m. It was found out that the pillars supporting the present nave of the church at the southern and northern side were not built during the Baroque reconstruction, as it has been assumed so far, but they originated later, perhaps at the end of the 19th or the beginning of the 20th century. The crypt attached to the northern wall of the church´s Baroque nave, probably in the 19th century, was partially explored. It was shown that the terrain at the southern side of the Roman building was lowered during the Baroque reconstruction (1735–1750) at the latest, which put a part of the Roman foundation wall above the level of the present terrain.
2
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NÁLEZY SKLA Z ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO VÝSKUMU ZOBORSKÉHO KLÁŠTORA

100%
Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2009
|
issue 46
45 - 50
EN
The contribution presents first brief information about the finds of glass excavated during archaeological research of the Zobor monastery. The glass finds from the Benedictine monastery of St. Hyppolitus (the 11th-15th cent.) have been preserved only in fragments of window targets, which were usually found in secondary positions; collection of almost 30 glass vessels were revealed at a monk’s abode cellar of the Camaldulian St. Joseph’s monastery (1695-1782). Some glass vessels were made in Italy, from where several monks came after the monastery had been finished in 1695. A glass, most probably early-medieval bead found in a monk’s abode Baroque masonry is a curious find.
3
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NÁLEZY SKLA Z MOSTNEJ ULICE V NITRE. VÝBER Z VÝSKUMOV 1990-2007

63%
Březinová G., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2009
|
issue 46
71 - 72
EN
Modern-era glass finds (vessels and beads) were excavated during the excavation seasons in 1990-2007 in the centre of Nitra at Mostná Street position. The majority of finds were dated to the end of the 19th cent. Among them a glass inkpot with a glassmaker’s monogram MB is interesting.
4
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NIEKTORÉ VÝSLEDKY NEDEŠTRUKTÍVNEJ PROSPEKCIE STREDOVEKEJ SAKRÁLNEJ ARCHITEKTÚRY V NITRE

63%
Samuel M., Tirpák J.
Študijné zvesti
|
2013
|
issue 53
117 - 132
EN
The paper presents results of GPR measurements in three sites in Nitra “Lower Town”. In two cases they included perished medieval sacral architectures (Church of St. Jacob, Church of St. Michal), while the third one is the still standing, and in use, object (Church of St. Stephen). All the mentioned churches fulfilled an important function in the life of the medieval Nitra. However, there are no relevant written sources for any of them, which would provide satisfactory explanation of the time of their origin. In case of the two perished sacral objects (Church of St. Jacob, Church of St. Michal) not even their exact localisation is known. Therefore the aim of the measurements was mainly to verify possibilities how to identify the architectures and, at the same time, to explore their wider surrounding, with a possibility of detecting the presence of other archaeological objects. The measurement in the area of Svätopluk Square detected the presence of a marked anomaly in places where the tower of St. Goerge´s Church (pulled down in 1882) is assumed to have been standing. The other anomalies which could be associated with the walls of the remaining parts of the church (pulled down in 1786) were not detected. The measurements in the vicinity and in the interior of St. Michael´s Chapel (built in 1739) indicated the presence of older masonries at two areas, probably connected with the perished medieval Church of St. Michael. The measurements carried out in the interior and exterior of St. Stephen´s Church detected the remains of two perished sacristies at the church´s south-eastern side, the existence of a larger crypt in the church´s aisle, foundations of built empore, and indicated the presence of the foundations of the altar mensa.
5
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VČASNOSTREDOVEKÁ ZÁSOBNÁ JAMA Z MOSTNEJ ULICE V NITRE

63%
Fusek G., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2013
|
issue 53
39 - 75
EN
During the 2006 rescue archaeological exploration in the Nitra´s Mostná Street, an Early Medieval settlement object no. 14 was excavated – originally a supply ditch, later on a waste disposal ditch, hollowed out into a cultural layer from the Bronze Age and to the loess subsoil. The backfill contained various archaeological materials – a considerable quantity of partly smoked and burnt stones originally making up perhaps a part of a dwelling´s stone oven, animal bones, fragment of the aurochs horn, bronze earring with a couple mouldings, a bronze coiled wire, one Early Medieval ceramic container and ceramic shards from Bronze Age, La Téne Age, and Early Middle Ages. The paper presents results of detailed analyses of the ceramics which proved to be the most suitable in determining the time of the object´s disappearance. The study of fragmentariness indicated that the object contains approx. one tenth of pots specimens, which can be associated with the time of the object’s destruction with higher probability than the small shards. An earring used within a wide range of time is not a contribution to the object´s dating. According to the analysis of ornaments on the ceramics and their comparison with the finds from burial sites and settlements, they fall into the time frame of the turn from the Great Moravian to the post Great Moravian period, probably the first half of the 10th century. The exploration area within the settlement structure of Nitra was situated at the northern edge of an unfortified area, from which a part of medieval town was formed later on, in written sources labelled as “civitas”.
6
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PETROGRAFICKÁ ANALÝZA STAVEBNÉHO MATERIÁLU Z VÝSKUMU KOSTOLA NARODENIA PANNY MÁRIE VO VEĽKÝCH CHYNDICIACH

63%
Jahn J., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2013
|
issue 53
149 - 158
EN
During the rescue exploration of the Church of the Nativity of Virgin Mary in Veľké Chyndice (Nitra district) were taken ten samples of rocks, which had been used as building material in various stages of its construction and historical development. Their petrographic characteristics were defined by macroscopic analysis, and, subsequently, possible provenance of the rocks was verified. From the oldest Roman part of the church (13th century) built with bricks comes the sample of stone lining of a portal made of rhyolite, or rhyodacite, and neovulcanites brought from the mountains of central Slovak, i.e. from the distance of 30–50 km. The remains of the portal´s threshold are from red organogenic limestone, coming probably from the quarries at the village of Tardos in Hungary. These quarries of “red marble” had been used already by the end of the 12th century and they supplied an extensive territory of the Kingdom of Hungary in Middle Ages. Two other samples, obtained from the stone-brick foundations of a perished medieval sacristy, were determined as ignimbrites taken from a quarry in the 20 km distant Obyce. It was found out that for the foundations of the Baroque annex building (18th century) were exclusively used the crinoid limestones, quarried in the cadastre of a nearby (10 km) village of Kolíňany. The cover of a crypt, attached in the 18th century, or in the 19th century, to the northern wall of the Baroque aisle, was made of the pyroxenic andesite. Its closest occurrences are known from the quarries with historical mining at Machulince (16 km) and Obyce (20 km) in Pohronský Inovec. The samples were also taken from three different parts of a gravestone of the local priest G. Alapy (+1746). It was found out that the gravestone´s cross was made of crystalloclastic ashy tuff, with a probable source of the raw material being central Slovak neovulcanites, situated in a wider vicinity of Banská Štiavnica. The upper and lateral part of the gravestone is made of crystalloclastic sand tuff, also coming from Middle Slovak neovulcanites.
7
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NÁLEZ ROHU PRATURA V JAME Z 9. – 10. STOROČIA V NITRE

63%
Bielichová Z., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2013
|
issue 53
77 - 83
EN
A horn extension belonging to a very robust adult individual (bull) of a free-living aurochs (Bos primigenius) was found in the supply/waste ditch from the second half of the 9th century, or the first half of the 10th century. It is one of the youngest proofs of the aurochs occurrence in Slovakia (the youngest find is from Nitra-Chrenová from the close of the 10th centuty, or the beginning of the 11th century), which corresponds with the era of the disappearance of aurochs in this part of Europe.
8
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NÁLEZY ZO STARŠEJ A ZAČIATKU STREDNEJ DOBY BRONZOVEJ Z PONITRIANSKEJ GALÉRIE V NITRE

63%
Marková K., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
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2008
|
issue 43
63 - 93
EN
The article treats finds from the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the middle Bronze which were obtained in the rescue archaeological excavation at the foot of the Nitra castle hill, in the area of Nitra Gallery (Ponitrianska galéria). In prehistoric times, the settlement was most intensive in the Early Bronze Age, when a fortified settlement of the Maďarovce culture was raised on the whole area of 8 ha. The analysed material comes from rescue excavations in years 1996 and 1997. The dating of finds and situations is done on the basis of pottery fragments, which come from the standard pottery of the Maďarovce culture. A large part of the pottery can only generally be dated to the Early Bronze Age or to the period of the Maďarovce culture. The identifiable part of the pottery dates the settlement on the castle hill as early as the Únětice-Maďarovce horizon. To the most remarkable finds of this excavation of the settlement of Maďarovce culture belongs to the double grave situated on the bottom of the settlement pit. A comprehensive view of horse finds in the milieu of the Maďarovce culture or the Maďarovce-Věteřov-Böheimkirchen cultural circle does not exist yet. In our case the object could be interpreted as a human sacrifice. The ditch, which was partly unearthed in the rescue excavation on the area of the gallery, is probably related to the fortified entrance to the settlement area on the castle hill. The division of the castle area is clearest in case of the settlement and grave finds from the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the middle Bronze Age. They were found during the rescue excavations under the castle hill. The several of the newly published objects from this area are related to handicrafts. A part of the characteristic finds indicates activities in the post-classical phase of the Maďarovce and subsequent Tumulus culture. We assume that this area was divided from the area of the castle hill by the natural water course of Nitrička, and not by an artificial water ditch. At first, a more detailed publication of material will be able to throw light on the development and on both the inner and functional structure of this more than 40 settlement area.
9
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INDÍCIE SKLÁRSKEJ(?) VÝROBY V POHORÍ TRIBEČ

63%
Jahn J., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2009
|
issue 46
87 - 90
EN
The contribution gives information on evidences of extinct metallurgy in the Tribeč mountain range area, to which no historical sources exist and both kind and chronology of which have not been acceptably answered until recently. The results of surface prospection on some of these sites make us assume their connection with a modern-era glass production.
10
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GPR SURVEY OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY IN SOCOVCE (MARTIN DISTRICT)

63%
Samuel M., Tirpák J.
Študijné zvesti
|
2012
|
issue 52
173 - 184
EN
In the summer of 2009 a GPR survey was carried out in the interior of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Socovce which was part of the rescue archaeological research. According to some historians, the church in Socovce belongs to the oldest sacral buildings in the Turiec Basin. The construction-historical exploration confirmed its latest existence in the first half of the 13th century; unearthing older foundations archaeological exploration shifted this dating to the period before the 13th century. Such dating is also supported by the finds of stone monolithic grave stones, such as occur in Slovakia mainly from the 11th to the 13th century. GPR survey completed the information obtained through the architectonic historical and archaeological exploration. A marked anomaly measured in the western part of the sacristy perhaps reflects the presence of Baroque(?) crypt of the Rakovský family. The most important outcome of GPR survey was the measuring of the anomaly indicating the presence of older masonries under the floor of the present presbytery and sacristy. The shape of the anomaly indicates the presence of an assumed older quadratic presbytery. Such interpretation, however, may be verified only by planned archaeological exploration in the church´s interior.
11
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NAJNOVŠIE VÝSLEDKY NEDEŠTRUKTÍVNEJ PROSPEKCIE ZOBORSKÉHO KLÁŠTORA V NITRE

63%
Samuel M., Tirpák J.
Študijné zvesti
|
2012
|
issue 52
51 - 61
EN
The paper presents the outcomes of geophysical exploration on the premises of the former monasteries (the medieval Benedictine Monastery of St. Hippolytus and the modern Camaldolese Monastery of St Joseph) in Nitra and their confrontation with the outcomes of the archaeological exploration. Several marked anomalies on several areas have been measured through geo-electric and GPR methods. The subsequent archaeological research found out that the measured anomalies reflect the presence of perished walled architectures, or their destructions. The anomalies of apparent specific resistance acquired in the area south of the ruins of St. Joseph´s Church corresponded with the position of unearthed walls of a Camaldolese monastery (monks´ dwellings, stone ceremonial walls, stone water conduit, etc.). The archaeological research on the Baroque terrace in the eastern part of the monastery´s premises showed that an exceptionally marked anomaly with rectangular ground plan does not represent a perished architecture, but the presence of a thin layer of stones from the destruction of the Baroque monastery. The layer of stones originated after the perishing of the Camaldolese monastery (1782), probably only during the terrain adjustments at the end of the 19th century or in the 1st half of the 20th century. Other anomalies captured in this area were caused by stone paving, foundations of polygonal summerhouse and remains of stone walls of the Baroque water conduit.
12
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NEDEŠTRUKTÍVNY PRIESKUM ZANIKNUTÉHO KOSTOLA V PRÁZNOVCIACH

51%
Samuel M., Tirpák J., Hunka J., Bartík M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2012
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issue 52
185 - 193
EN
The non-destructive exploration (GPR measuring, geodetic surveying) of the perished medieval church in Práznovce identified a ground plan of the All Saints´ Church consisting of a smaller aisle with a rectangular ground plan, a sanctuary and a prebuilt tower. The coins found through a metal detector indicate that the little church had perished already before the mid-16th century.
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