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EN
The historicity of the first bishops of Płock in the light of the beginnings of diocese
EN
The kept collection of incunabula is not uniform in terms of their origins. Although this is a small collection, in many ways it is interesting concerning both authors, areas of their knowledge, notes of origin or their binding. The library has in total twelve bibliographical positions in ten volumes. They are the work of workshops located in four urban centres: Venice, Cologne, Strasbourg and Augsburg. All of the collection of books are concentrated around four major groups: Scripture, Theology, law and philosophy. The authors of those works were the most prominent representatives of medieval science. Part of the incunabula’s cover are from the period of the book’s print (turn of fifteenth and sixteenth century), part of them are from the later period.
EN
There are nineteen clerics on the pages of the Plock’s book of assessors in the years 1489-1517. There were primarily associated with the local church environment. Their involvement as arbiters in conflicts is evident; they are also present as the executors of the testaments or the addressee of testament legate, the contractors of acts of buy-sell, the holders of deposits or prudent guardians looking after goods of the Church. The inscription in the Plock’s book of assessors in which we see the clergy, lead to the conclusion that the local representatives of the Church enjoyed trust and authority among the local people.
EN
Liber actorum civilium of the city of Płock covering the years 1489-1517 is a valuable source of information about the social and professional structure of Płock, as well as its customs and culture at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. Fortunately it survived the destruction of archival and library collections in Warsaw during World War II, and was published in 1995 by Danuta Poppe. On the pages of this liber of the city of Płock for the years 489-1517 we find representatives of 20 professions who lived and worked in Płock. As was already mentioned it is not the complete list, although it still shows the areas of the activity of the townspeople from Płock. The testaments say a lot about their financial status where sacrum, charity, care and family protection completed each other. The records in which the Płock craftsman appear on the pages of the liber actorum civilum concerned every day matters as purchase, sale, exchange, lease or donations. The fact that they enjoyed the popularity of the residents of the city shows that they were asked for arbitration of arguable matters. At the turn of 15th and 16th century the craftsmen were involved in the guilds, of which the liber mentions four: butchers, weavers, shoemakers, saddlers. The traits were concerned with the development of the craft among other trade contracts. Moreover they defended the interests of their community, they provided aid to the needy, gave opportunities for social contacts and also cared for the morality of the guild members.
EN
From 1439 to 1463, Bishop Paweł Giżycki, the Bishop of Płock is considered to have been one of the most prominent bishops of Mazovia duringthe Middle Ages. He was not only committed to the institutional development of the Church in the Diocese of Płock, but was also actively involved in Polish politics of the mid-15th century. With a view to governing the Diocese with diligence and efficiency, he surrounded himself with a large number of clergymen educated both at the University in Krakow and abroad. His milieu counted about 30 clergymen holding university degrees. Their sheer number proves that his desire was to fill the most important offices and institutions in the Diocese with clergymen having excellent intellectual qualifications, so that they could furnish him with advice and assistance in his work as governor.
EN
The monastery dedicated to St Elijah in Czerna was founded by Agnes of Teczynska Firlej in 1631. From its beginning the monastery collected works both for the celebration of liturgy and so as to deepen the knowledge and spirituality in the areas of asceticism, preaching and theology. Books usually came from donations and legacies. Currently in the resource library of old prints in Czerna there are 14 incunabula. Incunabula are not uniform provenance band books. They come from the ecclesiastical institutions, from individual person and from the clergy. Some of incunabula have an original binding, other have been replaced or refurbished. Though it is a small collection of books, in terms of quality it reflects the interests and needs of the environment. The smudged corners of the pages and the highlights made of part of the text can testify that these books were used by monks in deepening their knowledge.
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