Results found: 2

Search results

Sort By:

Limit search:

Warunki korzystania z zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania rozwoju gospodarczego Polski w latach 1970-1990

100%

Buczkowski B. M., Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

1988

vol. 87

Possibilities and terme of utilizin g externa l sources of financing were in the seventies and they will be in the eighties one of significant elements of external determinants affecting Poland 's economic strategy. In the first half of the seventies, the Western creditors were displaying a relatively big readiness to extend their credits to Poland, while the terms on which these credits were granted were relatively advantageous (low interest rate, long repayment periods). The terms of obtaining credits in the capitalist countries deteriorated cons iderably in the second half of the seventies. It was caused both by a rise in the interest rate in the Western monetary and capital markets (due to in crease in inflation rate) and deterioration of Poland’s credit s tanding. Consequently, Poland was getting credit terms worse than average (higher interest rate s and shorter repaymentt ime). In the early eighties, Poland did not have any possibilities of contracting new credits in the industrialized capitalist countries (wi th the exception of insingnificant amounts of revolving credits), because the repayment of earlier credits had not been legally regulated. The private banks ceased to grant further credit s for economic reasons (big credit risk), while the government export-financing institutions had done that for political reasons. On the other hand, Poland obtained refinanced credits during this time whose terms were disadvantageous (worse than those which were stipulated in earlier credit agreements), although they did not depart from average costs of refinancing operations incurred by other debtor countries. The analysis of forecasts concerning basic economic indices in the industrialized capitalist countries for the years 1985- 1995 allows to draw a conclusion that the interest rate will be stabilzed at a relatively low level from 1986 (or it may be even further decreased). That will pave the way for reduction of costs connected with the servicing of previous debts and costs of contracting new credits in the period 1986- 1995. There is also likely to be increased the propensity of Western creditors to grant further credits to Poland as a result of increased creditreliabilityof Poland, which has been due to the country's admission to the International Monetary Fund and to its improved economic indices.

Jen jako waluta międzynarodowa

100%

Buczkowski B. M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

1989

vol. 95

Internationalization of the yen may be defined as the increased usage and holding of the yen in international financial and commercial transactions (quantitative aspects of internationalization) or relaxation of rules concerning international transactions with the yen (qualitative aspects of internationalization). Although, the extent of internationalization of the yen is presently smaller than that ot the dollar or the Deutschmark with internationalization of the Japanese economy and Japan’s enhanced status in the world economy, requirements for the yen as an international currency to be used in investment and financing by non-residents are on the increase. The Japanese government changed its previous rather conservative stance -regarding the internalization of the yen and set out to implement various measures in order to relax the rules about the Jen funding by non-resident borrowers and develop the Tokyo Capital Market into an international financial center comparable to those of London or New York.

Refine search results

2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

2 Buczkowski B. M.

1 Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.

1 1989

1 1988

Search results

Warunki korzystania z zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania rozwoju gospodarczego Polski w latach 1970-1990

Jen jako waluta międzynarodowa