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PARTICLES, PARENTHETICALS, CONJUNCTIONS AND PREPOSITIONS AS EVIDENTIALITY MARKERS IN CONTEMPORARY POLISH (A FIRST EXPLORATORY STUDY)

100%
Wiemer B.
Studies in Polish Linguistics
|
2006
|
vol. 3
5-67
EN
This article undertakes to delimit the domain of evidentiality by setting it apart from epistemic modality (while simultaneously showing systematic cross-cuts with it). For this purpose the author takes advantage of recent typological work that has been dealing with grammatical evidentiality markers. However, the main aim of this article consists in a first inventorization of lexical markers of reportive and inferentive evidentiality used in contemporary standard Polish. The analysis is based on data from electronic corpora, only to a minor extent on examples discussed in the linguistic literature. The analysis takes into consideration some equivalent units in Russian and English. The format of the semantic explications is based on Natural Semantic Metalanguage and follows Wierzbicka (2006).
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The Realization of Consonants in 'Mova Prosta' as an Indicator of Changing Contact Conditions

100%
Wiemer B.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
|
2006
|
vol. 30
439-452
EN
This article critically discusses the variation in the palatal vs. velar pronunciation of dental plosives and fricatives in the so-called 'Mova Prosta' (MP), an unduly poorly described Belarussian rural vernacular which must have arisen as a result of intensive and long-lasting contacts with speakers of Lithuanian and Polish, added in the last decades by heavy influences from Russian. The primary aim of the article is to demonstrate that, according to our knowledge of data up to date, a Lithuanian substratum of MP has been retreating. To this goal data from three different periods are examined: end of the 19th century, the 1950s-70s, and the most recent period (1990-2004). The result of the analysis of data on the level of phonetics and phonology confirms the assumption that since the end of the 19th century the contact conditions for speakers of MP have changed. The data of MP from different regions where it is used are homogeneous with respect to the palatal - velar opposition and the phonetic realization of the palatal consonants under discussion. This is striking if we take into account the generally unstable character of most of MP's structural peculiarities and the dynamics of their variation caused by different contact conditions (kinds of multilingualism).
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