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Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel – Genremaler und Illustrator (1846–1892)

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Bonczkowski J.

Folia Toruniensia

2019

vol. 19

209-219

These/Ziel: Der vorliegende Beitrag bezieht sich auf die Gestalt Friedrich Julius Kleinmichels, eines aus Rosen/Rodzone bei Löbau gebürtigen Genremalers, Buch- und Zeitschriftenillustrators. Forschungsmethode: Um die Person und das Schaffen Friedrich Julius Kleinmichels darzustellen, untersuchte man die zugängliche Literatur, die Zeitungen aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Bücher mit seinen Bildern sowie Ausstellungskataloge und Auktionen seiner Gemälde. Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen: Die Themenvielfalt der Gemälde, Buch- und Zeitschriftenillustrationen Friedrich Julius Kleinmichels ist bezogen vor allem auf die Kinderwelt. Er arbeitete zusammen vor allem mit den Schriftstellern und Dichtern der Kinderliteratur wie etwa Victor Blüthgen, Helen Binder, Emma Biller, Julius Lohmeyer, Johannes Trojan, Franz Dittmar.

Cel/Tez: tematem niniejszego artykułu jest postać Fryderyka Juliusza Kleinmichela, pochodzącego ze wsi Rodzone pod Lubawą malarza rodzajowego, ilustratora książek i czasopism. Metoda badawcza: aby przedstawić sylwetkę i twórczość Fryderyka Juliusza Kleinmichela przejrzano dostępną literaturę, XIX w. gazety i książki z jego ilustracjami a także katalogi z wystaw i aukcji jego obrazów. Wyniki/wnioski: Tematyka obrazów oraz ilustracji do książek i gazet Fryderyka Juliusza Kleinmichela dotyczyła głównie świata dziecięcego. Współpracował przede wszystkim z pisarzami i poetami literatury dziecięcej takimi jak Victor Blüthgen, Helen Binder, Emma Biller, Julius Lohmeyer, Johannes Trojan, Franz Dittmar.

Aim: The subject of this article is the figure of Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel, a genre painter, illustrator of books and magazines from the village of Rodzone near Lubawa. Research method: available literature, 19th century newspapers and books with illustrations as well as catalogues from exhibitions and auctions of his paintings were reviewed to present the silhouette and work of Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel. Results/conclusions: The subject of paintings and illustrations for books and newspapers of Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel mainly concerned children's world. He worked mainly with writers and poets of children's literature such as Victor Blüthgen, Helen Binder, Emma Biller, Julius Lohmeyer, Johannes Trojan, Franz Dittmar.

Kancelaria miasta Grudziądza w średniowieczu

100%

Bonczkowski J.

Rocznik Grudziądzki

2016

vol. 24

135-144

The chancery was one of the most important offices of the municipal council in Grudziądz. Its beginnings are connected to the foundation of the city in 1291. It was the municipal writer who mostly influenced functioning of the chancery and production of documents. The position was probably staffed right after the city was founded in 1291. To this day there are preserved data about only four medieval writers: Florian (1400), Johannes Schönau (before 1405), Goswin (1436) and Andreas (1478). Their responsibilities included participating in proceedings of the municipal council and magistrate court and recording their course, composing and writing documents, resolutions and Willkürs, recording minutes accepted by the council and court in the municipal books, taking care of town archives, and representing the city outside. Moreover, a municipal writer was supposed to advise on legal interpretations and resolutions. In some cases writers could also settle economic, administrative and legal issues on behalf of the city and citizens. Initially, the municipal chancery mainly dealt with the documents that the city council received from the Teutonic Order. Only later the writers started to produce documents themselves, which were the basic product of the chancery at least to the beginning of the 15th century. As far as the municipal books of Grudziądz of the medieval period are concerned there are no manuscripts left. Information on the Willkür of 1466 and the fragments of the magistrate court’s book of 1480–1486 and 1498–1506 were presented in the monograph and article by Xawer Froelich. The records of the aforementioned magistrate court’s book suggest that various sale and purchase transactions were most commonly entered into. The entries could have been made by both nearby nobility and Grudziądz citizens. Other records concerned buyout of debts, donations to local churches and hospitals, testimonies, civil and criminal cases. Basing on comparisons of Grudziądz with other small Prussian towns, such as Bartoszyce, Brodnica, Chojnice, Golub, Malbork, Młode Miasto Gdańsk, Nowe, Nowe Miasto Toruń, Nowy Staw, Pasłęk, Puck, Radzyń Chełmiński, Sztum or Świecie, we can assume that in Grudziądz first books were kept from the second half of the 14th century or beginning of the 15th. Perhaps first books were related to accounting and rents paid by Grudziądz townspeople. At a later time municipal writers probably started to keep other types of books, such as Bürgerbuch (a book registering the names of people who became citizens), general book of the municipal council, Willkürs or books of the magistrate court.

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1 Folia Toruniensia

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2 Bonczkowski J.

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Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel – Genremaler und Illustrator (1846–1892)

Kancelaria miasta Grudziądza w średniowieczu