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EN
The paper contains some remarks on Tadeusz Styczeń’s paper Problem autonomii etyki [“The Problem of the Autonomy of Ethics”]. First, I describe the historical circumstances in which the text was written and place it within the context of its author’s investigations concerning the methodological and epistemological status of ethics. Next, I propose two observations: the first concerns the concept of the autonomy of the moral agent, while the second refers to the relation between ethics and philosophical anthropology. I conclude that the relation in question is closer that Tadeusz Styczeń suggests in the discussed article.
PL
Artykuł zawiera kilka uwag nawiązujących do tekstu Tadeusza Stycznia Problem autonomii etyki. Najpierw przypominam kontekst historyczny, w jakim powstał omawiany tekst, oraz umieszczam go w ramach badań jego autora nad metodologicznym i epistemologicznym statusem etyki, a następnie dołączam dwie uwagi: pierwsza odnosi się do pojęcia autonomii podmiotu moralnego, druga zaś do związku etyki z antropologią, który moim zdaniem jest ściślejszy niż to sugeruje tekst Stycznia.
EN
After the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Amoris Laetitia was promulgated by pope Francis there emerged many different, and sometimes conflicting, interpretations of the pastoral indications contained within the document. The question regards the admission to the sacrament of Eucharist of the divorced living in new unions. According to some authors, the document changes the sacramental discipline valid till now, while others see its continuity with the previous teaching of the Church on that matter. The essay analyses in particular the arguments in favor of the change, adding some critical notes, and comes to the conclusion that the problem calls for a further clarification.
PL
Po opublikowaniu posynodalnej adhortacji apostolskiej Amoris laetitia papieża Franciszka pojawiły się różne, czasami ze sobą sprzeczne, interpretacje wskazań duszpasterskich, które zawarte są w tym dokumencie. Problem dotyczy możliwości dopuszczenia do sakramentu Eucharystii osób rozwiedzionych, który zawarły powtórny związek małżeński. Według niektórych autorów wspominany dokument zmienia dotychczasową dyscyplinę sakramentalną, podczas gdy inni autorzy twierdzą, że w mocy pozostaje dotychczasowe nauczanie Kościoła w tej sprawie. Autor analizuje przede wszystkim argumenty wysuwane na rzecz twierdzenia o zmianie dotychczasowego nauczania, przedstawiając swoje uwagi krytyczne w odniesieniu do nich, i dochodzi do wniosku, że problem wymaga dalszego wyjaśnienia.
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EN
The paper seeks to reconstruct the philosophy of the person implied by the ethical writings of Tadeusz Styczeń. In particular the author poses two questions: What is – according to Styczeń – the proper method of philosophical anthropology? and: Which experiences reveal the very essence of the personal being? As far as the method of philosophical anthropology is concerned Styczeń adopted the phenomenological method in its form developed by Karol Wojtyła in his anthropological treatise The Acting Person. According to Styczeń, anthropology should start from the immediate experience of the person and the direct insight into the personal being is accessible first of all in the self−experience of the philosopher. Nevertheless philosophy cannot be practiced as a sort of «egology,» hence the necessity to test the reliability of one’s own experience through the confrontation with the experience of other persons. The next step consists in the interpretation of the material gathered in the phenomenological description, that is from the phenomenology the philosopher passes to the metaphysics of the human person. At the same time, even as a metaphysician the philosopher should always control his theory returning to experience. According to Styczeń, the act of stating the truth is the experience that reveals the essence of the person in the most evident way. In the act of passing the judg− ment on something the person transcends the boundaries of his/her own being and states the truth that does not depend on him/her. At the same time the act of stating the truth implies that the person interiorizes the truth in question and becomes its witness. In this, for Styczeń, anthropology and ethics start from the same original experience and develop its distinct aspects.
EN
The paper presents the understanding of the essence and the functions of consciousness in the philosophical writings of Karol Wojtyła and in the theology of the body developed by John Paul II. In his philosophy, Wojtyła uses the phenomenological method, but tries to go beyond phenomenology, combining it with metaphysics of the Aristotelian origin. In contrast to the phenomenological tradition, Wojtyła maintains that consciousness is not intentional. In this context he distinguishes between knowing something and being conscious of something. An act of knowledge puts the subject in contact with the reality that exists independently of it, whereas consciousness has two functions: it reflects the content of knowledge (refl ective function) and interiorizes it (refl exive function). According to Wojtyła, this twofold process allows the subject to arrive at the knowledge of the objective truth and at the same time reveals the normative power of truth.
EN
Review of Andrzej Półtawski’s Po co filozofować? [“Why to Philosophize?”], Oficyna Naukowa, Warszawa 2011.
EN
The first part of the article describes 'the phenomenological hermeneutics of the beginning,' i.e, the method that has made possible the description and analysis of the aspects of human experience that lay beyond the limits of the historical experience of man, included in John Paul II’s catecheses on love and marriage (Man and Woman He Created Them). Part two presents the application of the method in question in the analysis of the experience of shame, by discussing John Paul II’s ideas against the background of such thinkers as Vladimir Solovyov and Max Scheler. Summarized by Patrycja Mikulska   The present article is a Polish translation of two excerpts from a book by Jarosław Merecki, SDS, Corpo e trascendenza. L’antropologia filosofica nella teologia del corpo di Giovanni Paolo II (Siena: Cantagalli, 2015), 5–10, 107–116).
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono „fenomenologiczną hermeneutykę początku” – metodę, która pozwoliła Janowi Pawłowi II na dokonanie w katechezach na temat miłości i małżeństwa (Mężczyzną i niewiastą stworzył ich) opisu i analizy wymiarów ludzkiego doświadczenia znajdujących się poza obrębem doświadczenia historycznego człowieka. W części drugiej przedstawiono zastosowanie tej metody w analizie doświadczenia wstydu, ukazując poglądy Jana Pawła II na tle rozważań takich myślicieli, jak Władimir Sołowjow i Max Scheler.   Artykuł jest przekładem fragmentów książki Jarosława Mereckiego SDS Corpo e trascendenza. L’antropologia filosofica nella teologia del corpo di Giovanni Paolo II (Cantagalli, Siena 2015 (w druku), s. 5-10, 107-116).
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