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1
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W świetle powyższej (pobieżnej) analizy: Studium fotografii w Komentarzach do fotografii Witolda Wirpszy

100%
Zalewski C.
Porównania
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2021
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vol. 28
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issue 1
185-212
EN
The article presents the method of linking photography and poetry on the example of four poems from Witold Wirpsza’s Komentarze do fotografii The Family of Man. Three areas of mutual interactions have been distinguished and analyzed: (a) the principle of functioning of the photo-textual diptych and the role of the poetic description; (b) the principle of formal analogy according to which some parameters of the lyrical monologue are derived from the formal proprieties of photos; and – the most important – (c) the principle of transformation of compositional meanings. It consists of the two-stage intervention: the poetic text first tries to neutralize the visual compositional meanings (negative phase), and then creates its own interpretation of the photography (positive phase).
PL
Artykuł przedstawia sposób powiązania fotografii i poezji na przykładzie czterech utworów z Komentarzy do fotografii Witolda Wirpszy. Wyróżnione i zanalizowane zostały trzy obszary wzajemnych interakcji: (a) zasada funkcjonowania foto-tekstualnego dyptyku i rola, jaką pełni tu poetycki opis; (b) zasada analogii formalnej, zgodnie z którą niektóre parametry monologu lirycznego mają swoje źródło w formalnych właściwościach zdjęcia; oraz najważniejsza (c) zasada transformacji znaczeń kompozycyjnych. Polega ona na dwustopniowej interwencji: tekst poetycki najpierw stara się zneutralizować wizualne znaczenia kompozycyjne (faza negatywna), a następnie stwarza własną interpretację fotografii (faza pozytywna).
2
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Więcej niż na fotografii. Czesława Miłosza przygody ze zdjęciami

100%
Zalewski C.
Wielogłos
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2007
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vol. 1
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issue 1
PL
MORE THAN IN THE PHOTOGRAPHY. CZESŁAW MIŁOSZ’S ADVENTURES WITH PHOTOSThe article concerns Czesław Miłosz’s late poetry which contains a few poems dedicated to old photographs (from XIX and beginning of XX century). Active dialogue which Miłosz displays in his works runs symmetrically and paralle. On the one hand Miłosz admiring feminine beauty (Piękna nieznajoma) or condemning bloodthirsty crowd (Człowiek-Mucha) yields subjective temptations which uncovers his own illusions. On the other hand: when he presents photos of dead persons (Mój dziadek Zygmunt Kunat, Anka, Fotografi a) he in fact describes the experience of epiphany which leads him to the truth.
3
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A Tragic Venus. Idolatry, Desire and Suffering in “The Planter of Malata” by Joseph Conrad

100%
Zalewski C.
Yearbook of Conrad Studies
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2019
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vol. 14
109-122
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern experience of love, to which the entire narrative of the Planter of Malata has been devoted. The modern approach to the subject will be understood here as the penetration of the sacred sphere into the domain of the profane. Thanks to this mechanism, it becomes possible to create the expression of an indirect, confused, quasi-sacred experience. Conrad’s protagonist thus sees a woman in terms of “sanctity,” which will be interpreted in terms of “modern idolatry” (J.-L. Marion), eliminating any distance between the worshiper and the object of worship. The main scope of the analyses will concern the consequences that result from the starting point established in this way. Conrad’s text confirms the assumption that “pain is a sign and a means of contact with the divine” (D. Morris), but at the same time indicates many levels at which this process takes place.
4
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Antropologia fotografii Zdjęcia artystów w literackim ujęciu Wisławy Szymborskiej, Zbigniewa Herberta i Andrzeja Stasiuka

100%
Zalewski C.
Przestrzenie Teorii
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2007
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issue 8
89-103
EN
The article discusses transpositions of photographs of artists contained in W. Szymborska's works Znieruchomienie [Demotioning], Z. Herbert's Pan Cogito z Marią Rasputin - próba kontaktu [Pan Cogito with Mary Rasputin - an attempt to contact] and A. Stasiuk's Jadąc do Babadag (Going to Babadag). The common feature of these three presentations consists in depriving or levelling the biographical context thanks to which general musings on human nature become possible. They lead to a conclusion on the uprooted character of human condition, which becomes deprived of its home (Stasiuk), mother country and culture (Herbert) and even corporality (Szymborska). Due to this, man appears as an unrecognisable being, possible to capture exclusively in the temporal categories.
5
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PRL w obiektywie. Fotograficzne reprezentacje rzeczywistości w literaturze lat 1947-1989

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Zalewski C.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
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2009
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vol. 7
93-112
EN
The article concerns photographical representations which are present in literary texts since 1947 to 1989. The first type of examples assumes precisely functional character of photos which are made use of propaganda, politics and administration. The second – quite opposed – type consists in evoking some kind of bizarre effect thanks to it the colloquial reality is influenced by fairylike metamorphosis. Whereas the third trend takes matter of photographical pictures from esthetic point of view. That is why the hero of analyzed texts is the photographer: artist and also amateur. The main conclusion of the article is negative and consists in the conviction that photography is non-handy, illusory and non-canonical picture.
6
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Pokutna ofiara. Przemoc i cierpienie w "Mirtali" Elizy Orzeszkowej

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Zalewski C.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
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2012
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issue 10
69-88
EN
The article analyses mechanisms of collective trouble and some of its psychological results. Within the scope of first question the interpretation concerns both causes of violent acts (toward Jewish community in ancient Rome) and its final failure (i.e. restraining of pogrom). And within the scope of psychological investigation the main aim of this article is to explain the masochistic problem which depends on hidden cooperation between torturers and its victims.
7
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Sztolnie mitów. Mitologiczne dyskursy Mieczysława Jastruna i Zbigniewa Herberta

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Zalewski C.
Przestrzenie Teorii
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2011
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issue 15
175-184
EN
This article deals with M. Jastrun’s and Z. Herbert’s essays in which mythological figures (Minotaur, Iphigenia) appear. Demythologisation strategies of both authors are presented, which consist in either direct or indirect (most often ironic) questioning of sacrificial rites. Mythological murders are deprived of their primary, ritual justification, becoming an expression of unjustified and collective aggression.
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„Pszenica i kakol”. Interteksty biblijne w „Lalce” Boleslawa Prusa

100%
Zalewski C.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2012
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vol. 103
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issue 1
5-30
EN
The article aims at analyzing the function that Biblical quotations perform in Boleslaw Prus’ The Doll (Lalka). In the first part the author examines the prefigurative potential of the signalled quotations which demarcate the lot of many minor characters (e.g. the Wysocki brothers, baron and baroness Krzeszowscy). The second part discusses so called “acts of quoting” in which intertextual relations are cut down to the scenes the quotations appear (e.g. the walk in Powisle, the events in Skierniewice). In both cases the Bible as well as the theological discourse that interprets it prove to be a functional tool for understanding a number of unclear fragments in Prus’ masterpiece.
9
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Ojciec twój bogiem winien być dla ciebie. Ślub Gombrowicza między Freudem a Girardem (i Szekspirem)

100%
Zalewski C.
Studia Gdańskie
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2013
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issue 32
57-90
PL
Artykuł jest mimetyczną interpretacją Ślubu Witolda Gombrowicza. Zastosowanie teorii René Girarda w funkcji metajęzyka pozwala na zauważenie częściowej dekonstrukcji, jakiej polski pisarz dokonuje względem koncepcji mordu pierwotnego (i buntu syna przeciwko ojcu) stworzonej przez Zygmunta Freuda. „Poprawka” Gombrowicza (zapożyczona od Szekspira) polega na prezentacji przekonania, zgodnie z którym rywalizacja (oraz jej efekt – morderstwo) jest specyficznym, naśladowczym modusem międzyludzkich relacji, a jej aspekt przedmiotowy (m.in. erotyczny) pozostaje kwestią drugorzędną.
EN
The article offers a discussion and comparative analysis of two interpretive approaches to Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Namely, Phyllis Gorfain’s approach, formulated with reference to interpretive anthropology (to a large degree inspired by Victor Turner’s anthropology of experience), and René Girard’s approach, formulated with reference to his concept of mimetic anthropology. Those two different readings of Shakespeare’s play as an expressive text (that is expressing the problems of our culture), bring also the question of how Hamlet as a reflexive text can provoke anthropological self‑consciousness, both in theory and practice. According to Gorfain, the main character’s cognitive situation proves paradigmatic above all to anthropologists’ self‑knowledge concerning maintaining the balance between experiencing and interpreting another culture, between reaching for truth about a given culture and falling into interpretive illusions. For Girard, the main character’s cognitive situation becomes first and foremost the mirror of contemporary culture, particularly with regard to the unresolved problem of violence and acting in revenge, or refraining from both. The thematic frame of the article is defined by the Shakespeare’s evocation of the theatrum mundi topos and a reflection on the functionalization of the topos in the description of culture through the prism of two anthropologies: interpretive and mimetic.
10
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"Skąpy Litwin". Poezja Adama Mickiewicza w "Lalce" BolesławaA Prusa

100%
Zalewski C.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
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2010
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issue 8
99-115
EN
The article concerns the intertekstual presence of Adam Mickiewicz’s poetry in the novel Lalka by Bolesław Prus. The main thesis is equal to the conviction that the novelist shows how incoherent, insincere and narrow is the poetical vision of love affair. Romantic love lyric is some kind of celebration of the self which is the origin and director of his own desire. The novel with the help of Wokulski’s trials and tribulations underlines that desire is attracted mainly by inaccessible objects and envy among rivals.
11
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„Nie chcemy się znęcać nad Sienkiewiczem”. Recepcja „Wirów” w latach 1909-1916 w prasie polskiej

100%
Zalewski C.
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2018
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issue 12
137-150
EN
The article is a reconstruction of the literary criticisms that appeared in the publication of Wiry, the novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz. It presents both the acclamatory and radically critical reviews. The last part reconstructs the portrait of the author himself, which emerges from the polarized oppositions of a patriot, provocateur and sage-fool.
12
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Podstawy antropologii René Girarda

100%
Zalewski C.
Wielogłos
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2007
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vol. 1
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issue 2
PL
THE BASIS OF RENÉ GIRARD’S ANTHROPOLOGYThe article presents the fundamental category of René Girard’s anthropology, namely the concept of desire. The author discusses, above all, its imitative nature which is revealed in its two basic types: the external and the internal one. The characteristic is supplemented with the metaphysical dimension which appears at times when the object of the desire is existence itself. The presentations were also widened to include the views of psychologists, for whom Girard’s findings constitute an important inspiration.
13
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Urwis. "Grzechy dzieciństwa" punktem zwrotnym w twórczości Bolesława Prusa

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Zalewski C.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
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2007
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vol. 5
71-79
EN
The article concerns the short story which is interpreted as „the work of rupture”, because it finished a romantic and also positivistic period in career of Bolesław Prus. In „The sins of childhood” the author deconstructs ideology of positivism, showing that all arguments depend on social position of the speaker; he is also deconstructing romatic and post-romantic myth of totally uninfluenced child who is an artist or a prophet. The story has a form of a confession, which is made by old man about his adolescence. In this relation it is possible to distinguish two kinds of vulnerability that is experienced by main character (Kazimierz) and his fellows. The first one is physical, bodily. It may by observed in the school where one pupil is persecuted by others because he is week, gibbous and fearful. The second kind of vulnerability is psychological: it concerns the question of desire. In the school and at home Kazimierz wants to be adored and appreciated and this is why he seeks for a friend among his fellows. Kazimierz finds such persons but the relationship with them (i.e. with one pupil and countess' daughter) only at the beginning has this direction – when some time has passed Kazimierz becomes subordinated to them; he copies and adores them. The most tragical moments of his life are when he looses his friends. The father is not a model (he has no authority) for him, that is why Kazimierz depends only on his equals. Their lack is experienced by him as being close to nothingness.
14
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Inne lustra. Pseudonarcystyczne reprezentacje w utworach Haliny Poświatowskiej i Wisławy Szymborskiej

100%
Zalewski C.
Przestrzenie Teorii
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2009
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issue 12
45-55
EN
The article analyses and compares two poetical texts written by women. The texts use a motif of a mirror in both literal and metaphorical way. The author compares H. Poświatowska’s and W. Szymborska’s poems to question traditional twentieth-century reception of Narcissus’ motive. The proposal that arises is to see this motive as an illusion. Any woman that watches herself in a mirror does not seek just for her sight, but also for a sight of “an other” – a man. Quoting these gives, in the author’s opinion, an argument to say that a woman watching her reflection is not able to converge the mythical Narcissus’ archer. Appearance of a man that was sought mediates the act of self-contemplation in which one that was watching gets an access to herself by both body and mind aspect. The access is possible only under a condition of “sight of an other” mediacy. The subject in women’s lyrics is liable and dependent on what can be seen as a typical feature of its modern version. This liability and dependency is being carefully masked in lyrics written by men that explore the myth of Narcissus.
15
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Panny z prowincji. Ze wspomnień cyklisty Bolesława Prusa wobec mitów miłości

100%
Zalewski C.
Przestrzenie Teorii
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2009
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issue 11
165-181
EN
The article places the now forgotten short story by Bolesław Prus Ze wspomnień cyklisty in the mythological and metaliterary context. The prevalent role of amorous plots in this work thus becomes explained through a reference to the myth of Androgyne, solidified in Plato's Feast, that permeated Polish literature following the Romantic (A. Mickiewicz's Forefathers, Part IV) and modernist works (S. Przybyszewski's Androgyne). The article shows Prus's critical attitude to thus outlined tradition, which assumes a direct and spontaneous nature of amorous desire, since the story's protagonist only "falls in love' when other suitors appear with whom he can compete for women's favours. At the same time, the deconstruction of the androgynous myth reveals yet another concept of desire. Hence the text meets the requirements of the "constructive parody" described by M. Głowiński.
16
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„Skąpy Litwin”. Poezja Adama Mickiewicza w „Lalce” Bolesława Prusa

32%
Zalewski C.
Ruch Literacki
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2010
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issue 6
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