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EN
Formal logic and critical thinking are complementary tools in research of literary texts. Critical thinking is especially useful in the case of works which are antinomic in character as they are based on disputable ironic meeting points. Ignacy Krasicki’s satires are such type of text. A special difficulty is posed by the interpretation of Journey of a Warmian bishop, as the work read separately and with the use of particular contexts assumes ambiguous meanings. The application of the methodology of critical thinking, which is based on multisided approach to text, leads to the conclusion that primary law of classical logic, the law of excluded middle, does not apply. Journey is a dialogic work, even though ideological reasons for and against foreign travels are not equal.
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2019
|
vol. 14
|
issue 9
277-293
EN
In the paper it is argued that the author of Description of Customs…, who was a Catholic priest, showed greater tolerance for non-Christian religions than for Lutheran and Calvinist denominations. This was linked with the fact that Protestants effectively competed with Catholic nobility in the same spheres of public life to gain social and material goods in Poland in the times of the Saxon Dynasty. Kitowicz exhibited an intense dislike for deists as he accused them of a lack of religiousness in its essential aspects involving the cultivation of sacred rituals and ceremonies, and he claimed they were sufficiently satisfied with pure ideology. Generally speaking, the author of Description of Customs… did not attack other religions for reasons related to faith; he did it for pragmatic reasons, paying attention to social interests of Catholic nobility, or in connection with morality, in the case of atheists and nonbelievers.
EN
The contemporary research on the Stanislaus epoch expresses the opinion that the crucial civilization proces of the times was the development of the Enlightenment social formation as well as superseding Sarmatism from national life. Still there are more and more views that the Enlightenment was not a dominant cultural factor in Poland, in the late 18th century. The article Konserwatyzm szlachecki w dobie oświecenia z perspektywy współczesnych postaci polskiego tradycjonalizmu (The Conservatism of Nobles in the Enlightenment Period as Viewed by Present-day Figures of Polish Traditionalism) does not egree with the opinion expressed by Janusz Maciejewski that some Englghtenment values and Sarmatism accept not go hand in hand in people`s mind from the Stanislaus epoch. According to its author, some Sarmatians accept the Enlightenment ideas, witch does not eliminate traditionalism from their minds, but makes it more modern in some way. There is some analogy between the Enlightenment and the present Times. The presenty-day Polish political scene shows that it is possible to joins conservatism with modernism, apology of the past and facing new challenges.
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