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EN
The article discusses issues relating to the way a state fulfils its obligation to protect war graves and cemeteries; the obligation is determined by international law of armed conflict, supported by international regulations pertaining to the protection of cultural (historical) heritage. It is also reflected in national regulations on identifying the graves that should have war status, which indicate the forms of such protection and the responsibilities of the appropriate agencies. Detailed arrangements for co-operation are also formulated in the bilateral agreements concluded by the states concerned. References to archival and current legislation show the process of formation of the current system of care for military graves. The article also presents an analysis and criticism of measures adopted and implemented by the Republic of Poland, illustrated by examples of activities undertaken by central and local government institutions and organisations and by civic associations, as well as the specific nature of the work carried out in Poland by Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e.V.
EN
The purpose of the study is analyze the current legal situation related to the application of the statute of limitations for initiating proceedings, included in Art. 165b of the Act of August 29, 1997 – Tax Ordinance in the context of proceedings on the imposition of fines for irregularities arising in the course of the inspection of the carriage of goods, carried out on the basis of art. 13 of the Act of March 9, 2017 on the monitoring system for the road and rail transport of goods and trading in heating fuels. The study presents two divergent lines of jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court, as well as the decision of the Supreme Administrative Court (issued by a panel of seven judges), which – although it is not a resolution – to some extent decides which of the indicated jurisprudence lines was considered correct.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza aktualnej sytuacji prawnej związanej ze stosowaniem instytucji przedawnienia wszczęcia postępowania, ujętej w art. 165b § 1 ustawy z dnia 29 sierpnia 1997 r. – Ordynacja podatkowa1, w kontekście postępowań w sprawie nakładania kar pieniężnych za nieprawidłowości wynikłe w toku kontroli przewozu towarów, dokonywanej na podstawie art. 13 ustawy z dnia 9 marca 2017 r. o systemie monitorowania drogowego i kolejowego przewozu towarów oraz obrotu paliwami opałowymi2. W opracowaniu przedstawiono dwie rozbieżne linie orzecznicze Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego (NSA), a także postanowienie NSA (wydane przez skład siedmiu sędziów), które – mimo że nie jest uchwałą – niejako rozstrzyga, która ze wskazanych linii orzeczniczych została uznana za prawidłową.
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