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EN
The Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS) in Lublin was established on 23 October 1944 by the Polish Committee of National Liberation's pro-Moscow decree. The person chosen to be the vice-chancellor of the university was a pre-war socialist, Henryk Raabe. He met all the criteria demanded by the new communist regime. Firstly, he was a left-winger, but on the other hand, he was not a communist; he was not a member of the unpopular Polish Workers' Party. As such, he had a greater opportunity to create a necessary team of co-workers. Furthermore, as a socialist, he reflected the values promoted by propaganda, i.e. political pluralism and the alleged willingness to create a democratic state, in which there would be space for debate and diversity of views. The article approaches Henryk Rjaabe and opinions on him presented in the local press (1944-1989).
EN
Brazil – somewhat in spite of its remote geographic location – played a considerable role in the diplomacy of the Second Republic. This role increased even more after 1939 in connection with the war. Indeed, South America became an area of diplomatic struggle between the Axis states and the Western powers. Brazil – ruled since 1930 by President Getúlio Vargas – hesitated for a long time before it joined the conflict on the side of the Allies in 1942. After its entry, the attitude of the country’s authorities towards the Soviets, hitherto strongly critical, changed. The Polish representative in Rio de Janeiro, Tadeusz Skowroński, observed these events. In 1945, the country under the Southern Cross was already heading straight into the arms of Moscow, withdrawing its previous support for what was known as the Polish cause. At the same time, the head of the Polish legation was sinking into political defeatism, seeing no prospect of reversing these trends, especially as Vargas’s authoritarian dictatorship was clearly weakening.
PL
Brazylia – niejako wbrew odległemu położeniu geograficznemu – odgrywała sporą rolę w dyplomacji II Rzeczypospolitej. Rola ta wzrosła jeszcze po 1939 r. w związku z toczącą się wojną. Ameryka Południowa stała się bowiem obszarem walki dyplomatycznej między państwami osi i mocarstwami zachodnimi. Brazylia – rządzona od 1930 r. przez prezydenta Getúlia Vargasa – długo lawirowała, aż w 1942 r. włączyła się do konfliktu po stronie aliantów. Tym samym zmienił się również stosunek władz tego kraju do Sowietów, dotychczas zdecydowanie krytyczny. Polski poseł w Rio de Janeiro, Tadeusz Skowroński, obserwował te zdarzenia. W 1945 r. kraj pod Krzyżem Południa zmierzał już wprost w objęcia Moskwy, wycofując dotychczasowe wsparcie dla tzw. sprawy polskiej. Równocześnie szef poselstwa popadał w polityczny defetyzm, widząc brak perspektyw na odwrócenie tych trendów, zwłaszcza że autorytarna dyktatura Vargasa wyraźnie słabła.
EN
Still during the World War II, on 23 October 1944, members of the Polish Committee of National Liberation made the decision of launching a university in Lublin that would be the first such post in "the new Poland". At the same time they had to choose its patron. The article is going to discuss their dispute over the choice, the decision itself as well as the origins and beginnings of the University of Maria Sklodowska-Curie in Lublin.
PL
W niniejszym szkicu oddaję głos samej uczelni, tak aby wypowiedziała się o własnej wyjątkowości po 1944 r. Nie ma przy tym wątpliwości, że Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski – odmienny ideowo od otaczającej go rzeczywistości PRL-u – już chociażby pod tym względem wyróżniał się na tle ówczesnego świata akademickiego. PRL i KUL stanowiły byty odmienne, ścierające się w Polsce rządzącej przez komunistów.
EN
In this sketch I am paying the voice back to the university so that it gives her opinion about the personal uniqueness after 1944. There is no doubts, that the Catholic University of Lublin – different ideologically from reality surrounding him the Polish People’s Republic – already even if in this respect stood out relating to contemporary academic world. The Polish People’s Republic and the Catholic University of Lublin were different objects, being worn away in Poland ruling by communists.
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