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EN
In 2018, a bronze brooch dating to the Roman Period was handed over to the County Monuments Preservation Department of the Poznań County Office. The artefact was discovered accidentally in a forest area within the grounds of the village of Wierzonka, in the commune of Swarzędz, Poznań County (Fig. 1). The brooch comes from as of yet unknown, unidentified archaeological site. The characteristic feature of the brooch (Fig. 2:a–c) is a circular disc with two smaller, round, bowl-shaped protrusions at its perimeter; a third such protrusion could have originally been located on the upper part of the disc. A raised circular knob (tutulus) cast together with the fibula body is located at the center of the disc. The flat tip of the knob is decorated with two round, enameled fields – a yellow field on the inside, and a blue and navy one on the outside. Both protrusions could have also been originally enameled. What constitutes a special element of the Wie¬rzonka brooch is an openwork triangle with circular, bowl-shaped protrusions at each corner, probably also initially enameled. The brooch has a hinged construction, typical of provincial Roman fibulae. Preserved length of the brooch is 3.9 cm, full height approx. 1.6 cm, disc diameter 2.0 cm. The brooch corresponds to type I 52 after K. Exner (1941) or 7.13 after E. Riha (1994) and also to types IV/2/1/1 and IV/2/1/3 in the classification of enameled fibulae from Panonia (A. Vaday 2003). Close analogies to the brooch from Wierzonka can be found in the Rhine and Danube provinces of the Roman Empire (Fig. 3). They are dated to the 2nd and 3rd century AD, which does not allow for an unequivocal identification of the Wierzonka brooch with either the Przeworsk or Wielbark Cultures, more so since this fibula is a unique specimen in the territory of Poland.
EN
The authors study different equivalents of the Hebrew word Eden in selected old and new Slavic translations of the Bible. The equivalents of this lexeme have been excerpted from several Slavic translations of the Bible, which were selected on the basis of diverse criteria. The translations are presented chronologically and old translations are opposed to the new ones. They represent three groups of Slavic languages: West Slavic, East Slavic and South Slavic and are connected with the base of translation, i.e. the original text and/or Greek or Latin text. They can also be classified according to religious denomination and the strategy of the translation.The observation of those equivalents enables us to see not only their variety and mutual influence among translations but also the struggle of Slavic translators with a very difficult language matter. Many factors were important in that struggle: genetic and structural distances between Semitic and Slavic languages, different perceptions of reality in distant cultures, the discrepancy between biblical and Slavonic realities and the influence of religious denomination. Another important factor was the state of biblical knowledge at the time – incomparably poorer in the case of the oldest Slavic translations in comparison to modern ones.
EN
The article presents a project carried out at the University of Łódź aimed at compiling a commented bibliography of Polish translations of Old Bulgarian, Old Serbian and Old Russian literature, Church Slavic literary works of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as well as Orthodox liturgical texts. On the basis of the material collected so far, covering the 19th, 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, it is possible to divide the history of those translations. Aside from slavists and professional translators, the clergy of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church, as well as representatives of Uniate parishes, have also been considerably active in the field of translating from Church Slavic. Their work chiefly comprises texts used during services, and the main purpose of the translations is religious instruction and didactics. Certain of the editions are intended for Poles who are not fluent in the Church Slavic language, used in the services.
PL
Artykuł zawiera komentowany przegląd wydanych w Polsce podręczników, samouczków i gramatyk do nauki języka staro-cerkiewno-słowiańskiego oraz opracowań leksykograficznych, stanowiących dowód refleksji naukowej nad językiem oraz kulturą kręgu Slavia Orthodoxa. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono prace wykorzystywane w praktyce dydaktycznej szkół wyższych, szczegółowo omawiając niemal wszystkie pozycje wydane od początku XX w. – niezależnie od ich aktualnej dostępności i popularności. W drugiej części opisano kilkanaście publikacji słownikowych, leksykograficznych i leksykograficzno-encyklopedycznych. Analizie poddano różnorakie metodologie oraz dobór tekstów (np. teksty liturgiczne, teksty wybranych zabytków języka scs) i zjawisk źródłowych (obyczaje, rytuały itd.), stanowiących podstawę słowników, jak również specyfikę konstrukcji haseł i komentarz autorów poszczególnych edycji. Aneks artykułu stanowi wykaz bibliograficzny niemal 50 tytułów.
RU
Статья содержит комментированный обзор изданных в Польше учебников, самоучителей и грамматик для изучения старо-церковно-славянского языка, а также лексикографических работ, иллюстрирующих научный интерес к языку и культуре сферы Slavia Orthodoxa. В первой части статьи представлены публикации, используемые в дидактической деятельности высших учебных заведений, с подробным комментарием практически всех позиций, изданных с начала XX в. – независимо от их актуальной доступности и популярности. Во второй части описано несколько словарных, лексикографических и лексикографическо-энциклопедических публикаций. Проанализированы различные методологические подходы, способ выбора текстов (напр., литургические тексты, тексты избранных памятников старославянского языка) и культурных феноменов (обычаи, ритуалы и пр.), которые легли в основу словарей, а также специфика конструкции словарных статей и комментарий авторов конкретных изданий. В приложении к статье приводится библиографический список около 50 заглавий.
EN
The paper presents a commented review of published in Poland textbooks, self-study books of Old-Church-Slavonic and lexicographical studies, being an evidence of scientific reflection on language and culture of the Slavia Orthodoxa area. In the first part of the paper, there are presented studies (mainly textbooks) used in practice of teaching process in universities; neverthless of their current availability and popularity, almost all of the titles edited from the beginning of the 20th cent., are described. The second part is devoted to a detailed description of dictionaries, lexicographical studies, and various kinds of encyclopaedias. Different methodological approach, selection of source texts (liturgical ones, particular codices etc.) and cultural phenomena (customs, rituals etc.), being the data base for the studies, as well as specificity of entries’ construction and their authors’ commentary are presented and analyzed. The appendix is a register/list of almost 50 titles of translatory aids of both mentioned above groups.
EN
The text constitutes the second part of the publication cycle addressing the problems of translation of the Old Church Slavonic literature into Polish together with the bibliographic data. The first part was devoted to translations from the second part of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The following article and the bibliography (annex) comprise the period from the beginning of the 19th century until the end of the first half of the 20th century (1806–1948). Old Church Slavonic literary texts, discovered and popularized at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries and acknowledged as particularly precious literary cornerstones of the oldest Slavic literary output, were translated into many modern languages including Polish. Polish translations from the 19th and the first half of the 20th century mainly focus on three basic texts: The Tale of Igor’s Campaign, The Nestor’s Chronicle as well as on one of the oldest masterpieces of the original Old Church Slavonic literary output – St Methodius’ Life. The article briefly presents the history of translations of the above-mentioned and also other works. Bibliographic materials in the annex comprise texts translated and published as a whole (or their large excerpts published with the title referring to a given work).
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