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1

Folklorism and Culture of Memory in Contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina

100%
Mentel A.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2020
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issue 4
285 - 296
EN
Diverse aspects of folklorism in the countries of former Yugoslavia are a subject-matter of long-term ethnologic and folkloristic research. One of the important themes touches the relation between newly composed folk music (NCFM) and aggressive nationalistic propaganda, as well as further aspects of this genre. The NCFM is a genre of commercial music that developed in the former Yugoslavia from the 1960s and that refers to folk sources in its texts and musical construction. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was sevdalinka, a specific genre of urban music folklore, that have become one of NCFM sources. Sevdalinka has become one of the elements of the “orientalising” hetero-stereotypes of Bosniaks and Bosnian Muslim culture as the one that “essentially differs” from the cultures of other nations living in the former Yugoslavia. It has been insufficiently researched to date how the Bosniak collective memory is currently constructed through the NCFM. On an example of particular commemorative events, the study shows how a certain image of Bosniak history is created and supported by using the NCFM.
2

Farming as a Counterculture. Family Farms in Central Bosnia

100%
Mentel A.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue 3
179 - 191
EN
The study analyses the position of family farms in Central Bosnia as one of the strategies of adaptation to the economic and social decline associated with the transformation of heavy industry. The basic argument is that, in addition to the pragmatic motivation to provide a livelihood for their families, contemporary farmers are also engaged in a purposeful pursuit of an alternative to a society that these actors perceive as corrupt and fundamentally unreformable. Against the generalised distrust of the population towards institutions, they advocate the strengthening of personalised networks of trust. Food produced by family farms has, in addition to its immediate utility, an important symbolic value as ‘authentic’ or ‘real’. This value is linked to the values associated with environmental protection, but it differs from the discourse of ‘natural’ and ‘organic’ food. The restoration of family farms in Central Bosnia can be seen as a counterculture that aims to provide an alternative to the negatively perceived dominant trends in society by strengthening local communities. ‘Authentic food’ becomes the unifying materialised symbol of this counterculture.
3

RITUALS AND GROUP SOLIDARITY: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY

100%
Mentel A.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2022
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vol. 70
|
issue 2
228 –247
EN
Since Durkheim (2002 [1912]), it has been recognised that ritual can serve as a means of strengthening intra-group solidarity. Mutual help and emotional arousal connected with rituals may help the participants cope with adversities. Collective rituals have thus become one of the tools for adapting to environmental conditions. Several theories try to clarify the mechanism by which this adaptation happens. One’s investment of time, money, and other personal resources into collective activities, including rituals, may serve as a commitment signal and thus enhance group solidarity. However, rituals are not the only way the group members signal their commitment. Therefore, the fundamental question is whether rituals offer anything unique compared to other types of joint coordinated activity. Atran and Henrich (2010) provide a hypothesis based on some of the characteristics of rituals that observed all over the world. According to them, religious rituals often involve various components to promote faith and devotion by stimulating certain emotions. The primary tools in this context are music, rhythm, and synchronization of body movements. In this ethnographic case study from Bosnia, I compare three confessional communities (Sunni Muslims, Roman Catholics, and Sufi dervishes). They inhabit the same geographic area but differ in the character of their ritual performances regarding synchronization and use of rhythmic activities. The highest degree of in-group solidarity is expected in the group whose rituals involve rhythm and synchronization of body movements to the greatest extent.
4

DECISION-MAKING STYLES AND SUBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DECISION-MAKING QUALITY AMONG HOSPITAL NURSES

63%
Pitel L., Mentel A.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 3
217 – 231
EN
The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) is a widely used measure of decision-making styles (adaptive: vigilance; and maladaptive: hypervigilance, buck passing, and procrastination), but there is little evidence regarding its predictive ability in professional settings. The aim of the study was to assess the association between MDMQ dimensions and subjective performance evaluation of decision-making quality (SPEDM) among hospital nurses (N = 109). We also assessed whether MDMQ can predict variance in SPEDM when controlled for affective traits (neuroticism – BFI; and self-esteem – RSES), social desirability (MC–SDS10), and length of practice. Self-rated SPEDM was positively associated with vigilance, and negatively associated with maladaptive decision-making styles. Supervisor-rated SPEDM was unrelated to decision- making styles. Social desirability slightly affected the relationships between self-rated SPEDM and decision-making styles. Despite several limitations, the results cast doubt regarding the ability of the MDMQ to predict decision-making quality.
5

SELF-REASSURANCE, SELF-CRITICISM, AND EYE-TRACKING OF HAPPY FACES

51%
Strnádelová B., Halamová J., Mentel A.
Studia Psychologica
|
2019
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vol. 61
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issue 3
189 – 202
EN
This study explores the relationship between self-criticism, self-reassurance, and the face scanning patterns participants use to recognize photos of happiness. Forty-two participants were being recorded by eye-trackers while watching photos of happy and neutral facial expressions. Participants also completed the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale. The Hated Self score was negatively related to the total fixation duration on the eyes and around the eyes. The Inadequate Self score tended to correlate positively with the total fixation duration time on all examined areas of the face and Reassured Self score tended to correlate positively with the total fixation duration time on the area around the eyes, although none of these correlations appeared to be statistically significant. Being able to distinguish between the more pathological Hated Self form of self-criticism and the less pathological Inadequate Self could improve psychological assessment and intervention evaluations.
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