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  1. 2 Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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  1. 2 Xhafo J.

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  1. 2 2012

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The Sentencing System in the Albanian Criminal Code and the Demand for Special Tretament of Juveniles

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Xhafo J.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
|
2012
|
issue 06
47-61
EN
Juveniles are subject to a cognitive process and growth, where the physical, intellectual, emotional and personality are still in phase of development phase. As a result, they enjoy a special status which arises the demand for their specialized treatment. The status as a minor in criminal matters raises the need to create a system consisting of different rules, which should take into consideration the physical and psychological peculiarities of the child and his educational needs. This system should be oriented towards the goal of juvenile education, rehabilitation and development, goal which can be successfully implemented only if it is reflected in the nature and types of sanctions applied to juveniles. In the application of sanctions it should be taken into consideration the need for education, assistance and welfare of the juvenile. Prison sentence and other similar measures should be considered as a last resort and used in order to reduce only when other forms of treatment do not comply with the personality of the offender and the seriousness of the offense. Priority should be given to educational and non-institutional measures. These requirements impose the necessity of legal interventions in the system of sanctions to address the needs for special treatment in accordance with the personality of the children and their individual needs for education. This paper aims at a critical analysis of the sentencing system provided in the Criminal Code, in the focus of the standards set by the international instruments which safeguard in a special manner the juvenile as a criminal offender. Through the analysis of legal provisions as well as referring to the juridical doctrine and court jurisprudence, there will be evidenced some issues related to the special treatment of juvenile criminal offenders in the field of the system of sentencing. After a detailed analysis, there will be provided conclusions and concrete recommendations on the current stage of the sentencing system, its’ compliance with the need for special treatment of juvenile criminal offenders, the need for improvement as well as the concrete legal initiatives to be adopted.
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Theoretical and Practical Issues of Freedom Deprivation for Juveniles in Procedurial Albanian Legislation

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Xhafo J.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
|
2012
|
issue 05
43-59
EN
Reforms undertaken after 90’s have brought progress in legislation changes and compliance with international standards. This goal is also supported from the membership of our country in several international organizations and ratification of international legal acts. Legal reforms have brought many positive aspects in terms of guaranteeing the procedural position of juveniles and respect their rights at all stages of criminal proceedings. One of the most important aspects of the process is the one related to the freedom deprivation in terms of which are sanctioned a number of principles and procedural rules. Despite positive steps, the Procedural Penal Code should be subject to further amendments and improvements regarding procedural provisions for the treatment of juveniles during criminal proceedings. This article seeks to analyze the specific guarantees and particularly procedural rules related to deprivation of personal freedom as well as issues associated with the treatment of juveniles at this stage. The paper will focus primarily on: - The issues on special protection of juveniles in criminal proceedings and cases of freedom deprivation in the framework of the international standards. - Reflecting the concrete situation and the judicial practice issues, in the framework of the Jurisprudence of the Criminal College of the Supreme Court. - Drawing concrete conclusions and recommendations in regard to the current stage of reflection of the international standards on minors freedom deprivation in the penal legislation and its implementation in practice, as well as the concrete needs for improvement through legal interventions and institutional arrangements.
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