The analysis of the spatial layout and the remains of archaeological objects around the Mount of St. Lawrence in Kaldus on the Vistula brings to notice the elements reflecting the structure of the cosmological myth characteristic of the traditional societies. It may be assumed that this place was perceived as an area of meditation and contact of cosmic powers personified, on the one hand, by the uranic deities such as the thundering Perun or the solar Svarog/Svarozic, and, on the other hand, by the chthonic deities such as the guardsman of the other world Veles/Volos. It was believed that at the foot of the Mount of St. Lawrence there was an entrance to the other world, whereas its peak reached the sky. In this context, the location of the first cemetery south of the damp terrain depression is significant. The launch of construction, in the first half of the 11th century, of an early Romanesque basilica on the site of the pagan cult on the northern side of the Mount of St. Lawrence was done on purpose in order to sacralize the pagan offering site, which, by the way, was not very successful. Additionally, we know about the existence in this period of the first, relatively well-dated fortifications signalling the appearance of new social functions that the discussed centre performed as a consequence of incorporation of the territory of the Land of Chelmno to the state of Gniezno and a trial to create, at the foot of the Mount of St. Lawrence, a centre comparable to 'sedes regni principalis'.The original paper published with the German summary.
The article touches upon the emergence of settlement structures in the West Pomerania Lakeland including the upper estuary of the Rega and the Parsęta as well as the Drawa and the Gwda, frequently referred to as the borderland between Pomerania and Wielkopolska. An attempt was made to assign periods to settlement developments with respect to the emergence of the borderland. Special emphasis was placed on central locations like strongholds and some islands as well as far-reaching routes leading to Białogard (Alba in Latin).
The article concerns an early medieval silver hoard, recently (and accidentally) discovered at a suburb settlement in Niedźwiedź in Dobrzyń region. The settlement is a part of a large complex with a stronghold and a developed lake shore, identified with the historical Steklin mentioned in the so-called Mogilno Falsification. The hoard, consisting of 28 coins and six pieces of jewelry, was deposited after 1080. The factual scope of the article includes primarily the results of numismatic analyses of one Arabic coin and the remaining Western European coins, including the prevailing group of so-called cross denarii. The discovery is interpreted in a broad socio-economic and political context
The paper concerns one of the construction discovered within the early medieval, immediately adjacent to a fortified centre, ancillary settlement in Kałdus (historical Chełmno), which has been interpreted as remains of a supposed inn. It includes formal analysis of the construction and of movable objects found within, carried out in comparison with the results of studies over the spatial and functional layout of the settlement. The analysis was carried out in the context of theoretical knowledge on medieval inns, and especially of the content of the so-called Mogilno forgery, where nonum forum cum tabernario in Culmine was mentioned.
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