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POLISH ETHNOLOGY IN 1945-1956 AND ITS RESPONSE TO INTRODUCING SOVIET PATTERNS TO POLISH SCIENCE

100%
Jasiewicz Z.
Etnografia Polska
|
2004
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vol. 48
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issue 1-2
5-15
EN
The Polish state which emerged after the World War II became dependent on the Soviet Union. One of the effects of that new political order was that Soviet patterns and models were introduced into Polish academic research, including ethnology. In the article the author is presenting: (1)The general situation in the country, in academic life, especially in ethnology; (2) Models imposed upon Polish ethnology by the Soviet academic institutions. Mechanisms of their introducing and adaptation; (3) The consequence of the introduction of the Soviet patterns. The study is based on different source material: scientific publications, both Polish and Russian, conversations with Polish ethnologists, but also on the author's own memories from his university years. The Soviet models and patterns introduced into Polish ethnology concerned: (1)the name of the discipline, its main subject, assumptions and research methods, (2) the structure of academic life and higher education system, (3) the attitude to and relationships with the western ethnology and anthropology, (4)the function of ethnology. The author stated that in the history of Polish ethnology the attempt at subordinating it to politics and isolating from the world social sciences had never gone as far as in the years 1945-1956.Nevertheless Polish scientific institutions were developing and some important research projects were initiated then. The number of ethnographers educated within that period was greater than it had been before. In academic work, imposing the Marxist-Leninist approach resulted in the escape from theoretical deliberation and studies on culture as a whole. Polish ethnographers found a safe niche in studies of folk culture and folklore instead. Such were the circumstances which had long-lasting effect on the development of Polish ethnology in the subsequent years.
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ADAM FISCHER - WORK, PERSONALITY, AND CHOICES IN EXTREME SITUATIONS

100%
Jasiewicz Z.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2006
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issue 29
23-28
EN
The article discusses the academic work and personality of Adam Fischer (1889-1943), whose contribution to the development of Polish ethnology is noteworthy. In the interwar period, between 1918 and 1939, he held the Chair of Ethnology at Lvov University and was president of the Polish Ethnological Society. Moreover, he was editor of the periodical 'Lud', and published a lot, including handbooks for ethnology. An exponent of the social and national roles of ethnology, he developed cooperation with worldwide scholarship. In 1939, after Lvov was occupied by the Soviet Union, Adam Fischer, in an extremely difficult political and material situation, continued his work at a Russian university, and exchanged correspondence with the Russian ethnologist Dmitri Zelenin. The author also demonstrates the significance of biographical studies for the history of scholarship.
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