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Die eingliederigen Fibeln der Almgrens VI. Gruppe in der Przeworsk-Kultur – Fibeln des Typs A 158

100%
Jakubczyk I.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
|
2013-2014
|
vol. 5-6
113-218
EN
O. Almgren in his 1897 published study on nordeuropean forms of brooches characterized known specimens from the region and classified them in seven groups. His group VI matches brooches with inverted foot as well as their derivative forms with full catch-plate. They are main forms of the late Roman and early Migrations periods Shape and form of those brooches breaks with the early Roman Period’s stilistical traditions, showind differences in construction, because catch-plate is being made by bending the foot downwards, its and is then wrapped around the bow. This key for the studies on late antiquity group of brooches is one of the less published forms of the Barbaricum. O. Almgren himself have had treated them unfairy, whereas later studies didn’t gave precise arrangements. However the homogenity of this goup of artefacts; especially type 158 characteristic for the Przeworsk Culture, have been emphasized. Therefore new classificaton of brooches of the Almgren’s VI Group with taking into consideration all of the deriverative forms and variations was an absolute necessity. It was also essential due to the significance for the chronology of early and late Roman Period. The min assumption of the paper was to work out the one piece brooches of the type 158. The method used for the division is based upon the system proposed by O. Almgren. It is still up to date, however some detailed assumptins are necessery. It is due to the fact that some of O. Almgren’s forms have been described unaccuratelly, therefore determination of arefacts according to his division in chefly uneasy. It is also imprtant to ephasize the fact that since the firt publication of Almgren’s study, the have been noted enormous growth in number of known specimens, some of them are therefore not preciselly represented in typology of the swedish scholar. Main characteristics of brooches taken under consieration by division of sub-types and variants are construction of the specific specimen, shape of the bow as well as its decoration. Such characteristics as form of ornamentation and stilistic criterion i.e. proportions of the appropriate parts of the brooch were also considered. In the process a clusters of broches with some variants within have been archieved. Main part of the paper is the classification of O. Almgren’s type 158 brooches. The study is based upon 799 specimens. The final effect of this analise is the stilistic division of variants with main goal in tighening the chronology of characterized clustes of artefacts.
2

Zapinki VI grupy Oscara Almgrena z osady kultury wielbarskiej w Lipiankach, pow. kwidzyński, stan. 3

63%
Jakubczyk I., Strobin A.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2016
|
vol. Tom XXV
s. 211-248
EN
Excavations on settlement of the Wielbark culture on site 3 in Lipianki, Kwidzyn district, have provided a considerable amount of archaeological material, in particular of iron tools and objects related to the attire. The latter category of artefacts is represented in largest number by brooches, mainly brooches of group VI after O. Almgren. In this collection were both brooches of the first series, i.e. classic brooches with curved foot, as well as brooches of the second series. Brooches A 158, belonging to the first series, are characteristic of the Przeworsk culture, but they occasionally also occur in other cultural entities. The specimens discovered in Lipianki can be dated from phase C1b, but more likely is their occurrence in phase C2. Forms of this type probably evidence a displacement of groups of people originating from the Przeworsk culture northwards, and can be synchronized with finds of this type of brooches in northern Mazovia, in the Sudovian culture, as well as in northern and central Germany. Bipartite forms made of iron support this chronological position. The series 2 of brooches of group VI after O. Almgren is the most numerous represented by brooches A 170 and 178. These specimens are occur in large number on the Wielbark culture burial grounds, but they were made exclusively of copper alloys. Therefore, the discovery of iron specimens is another argument indicating the existence in the Wielbark culture at least two types of dress: the everyday one, in which more iron elements were used, and so-called funeral one, in which dominated elements made of non-ferrous metals. Archaeological excavations on the Wielbark culture settlements provide new materials which enable a more accurate reconstruction of this cultural unit. A unique place, because of the excavated size, the number of registered features, as well as the wealth of movable material, takes the settlement in Lipianki. On this site were discovered several features which contain small pieces of slag, interpreted as smelting hearth. Traces of iron production are also known from other settlements of the Wielbark culture, but its modest scope differ significantly from thise registered in the Przeworsk culture. It can be assumed that, although not confirmed large-scale iron metallurgy in the culture Wielbarkcan might have satisfied local demand for this raw material. For any further discussion on this issue, however, the excavations on settlements and their successive publication are needed. The materials discovered on site in Lipianki indicate that the use of iron was more widespread than we can assume based on grave assemblages of the Wielbark culture, although in the latter case, the objects made of this material are present. Therefore, once again it is worth considering the image of a ‘culture discovered anew’ after Eggers definition, known mainly from burial sites.
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