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Genocentryzm versus teoria systemów rozwojowych. Dwa konkurencyjne sposoby rozumienia informacji w biologii współczesnej

100%
Siedliński R.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2017
|
vol. 16
EN
There are (at least) two opposing concepts of biological information, or bioinformation,discussed in the modern philosophy of biology: genocentric (genebased)and holistic. As a main proponent of the former I consider British evolutionistJohn Maynard Smith and his teleosemantic theory of bioinformation.The latter was proposed by American philosopher Susan Oyama in the form ofso-called Developmental Systems Theory (DST).In Maynard Smith proposal bioinformation is strictly gene-based and anynon-genetic element of a living organism cannot be considered as a vehicle ofinformational content. Such information is transmitted from parents to offspringinside the germ cells and every time serves as a blueprint for buildingthe whole organisms. DST claims the opposite: bioinformation cannot bereduced to genetic elements only and is scattered throughout the whole livingsystem. What is more, biological information is not simply transmittedbetween generations but every time rebuilt from available developmental resources:bioinformation has not only it is phylogeny, but it is ontogeny as well.The aim of this paper is twofold. First: to present the foundations of both aforementionedtheories to the reader and second: to discuss the different objectionsraised against them.
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On the Computer-Science Category of Analogicity and the Possibility of its Application in Molecular Biology

63%
Stacewicz P., Siedliński R.
Filozofia Nauki
|
2020
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vol. 28
|
issue 3
47-71
PL
The main aim of this paper is to justify the thesis that in molecular biology - in the scope of phenomena fundamental for the functioning of the cell - a significant role is played by analog (nondiscrete) information, which can be described in computational terms. It is a methodological thesis, indicating a certain direction of advancing new biological hypotheses. This aim is realized in two stages. In sections 1 and 2 we discuss the computer-science concept of analogicity, generally describing different concepts of analog-continuous and analog-empirical computations, as well as discussing the relationship between analogicity and digitality. In sections 3 and 4 we analyze some components of the process of protein formation, emphasizing that an adequate description of this process requires taking into account information of an analog nature, which, with a certain research attitude, can be described, but also used, computationally.
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