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Ownership changes in the Hungarian healthcare sector, 1990–2017

100%
Mihalyi P.
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
|
2017
|
issue 3(41)
83-97
EN
The paper’s objective is to provide a historical account of the most important changes in two aspects of Hungarian healthcare: financing and provision. It will be shown that after a promising start to the necessary post-communist reforms, a complete reversal took place after 2010. The separation between financing and provision ended. By 2017, the Ministry of the Economy – like the Planning Office under the socialist system – has regained absolute control over the entire healthcare sector, including both financing and provision. Even the Ministry of Health ceased to exist in 2010.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano historyczny bilans najważniejszych zmian w dwóch sferach opieki zdrowotnej na Węgrzech: finansowania i świadczenia usług. Wykazano, że po obiecującym starcie reform koniecznych w okresie wychodzenia z komunizmu po 2010 r. nastąpiła całkowita zmiana kierunku działań. Podział na płatnika i świadczeniodawcę zakończył się. W 2017 r. Ministerstwo Gospodarki – podobnie jak Biuro Planowania w systemie socjalistycznym – odzyskało pełną kontrolę nad całym sektorem opieki zdrowotnej, czyli zarówno w sferze finansowania, jak i świadczenia usług. Ministerstwo Zdrowia jako takie przestało istnieć w 2010 r.
2

The origin of the present inconsistencies in the Hungarian economy

100%
Mihalyi P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
193-217
EN
The title is a tribute to Ferenc Jánossy, who died ten years ago. Successful economic policy is the exception, not the rule in the globalized world economy. It is easier to reach a position close to crisis than to battle one's way out of it again. The 2007 stabilization in Hungary failed to change real-sphere behaviour. Stagflation threatens. The causal explanation of this is multi-factorial, but the most important lead back to the tax structure inherited from the period before 1989. 1. Employers and employees have common interests against the state. 2. A welfare net woven too finely provides a disincentive to legal employment. 3. Small and medium-sized firms under specific post-communist conditions are incapable of absorbing the less-qualified employees. 4. The strategy of Hungarian families for decades has been to accumulate capital in the form of housing, while everyone expects the state to supplement the income of the aged and finance health care. 5. Undercover payment of wages in the corporate sphere is partly a cause and partly an effect of the massive number of unaccounted transactions. 6. We have no clear picture of real personal incomes in relation to each other or the situation of households. This blunts the effects and undermines the credibility of welfare measures accomplished through taxation, and ultimately narrows the government's room for manoeuvre.
3

PRICES AND VOLUMES IN THE POST-SOCIALIST HEALTH SECTOR (Arak es volumenek a posztszocialista egeszsegugyben)

100%
Mihalyi P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 7/8
586-608
EN
The study uses recent World Bank and OECD data to examine why relative price and wage levels in the health sectors of post-socialist countries are so low compared with the mean price level of GDP. Initially the answer seems to be that the relatively low price level is a positive legacy of the socialist planned economy - though hard to change - that has given the population access to relatively more health-care provision than their countries' level of development (GDP per capita) would warrant in a free market economy. On the other hand the study shows how the relative prices of consumption goods harmful to health (alcoholic beverages, tobacco products and narcotics) are also very low. The result, in Hungary for example, is that a sum equivalent of 4.3 per cent of GDP is spent on such goods, a proportion almost three times as high as in the United States (1.5 per cent) and exceeded only in two Baltic countries: Latvia (4.4 per cent) and Estonia (4.5 per cent). The per capita annual amount of GDP spent on these products in Hungary is USD 639, or one-third of the 'useful' USD 1950 expended on health care, a proportion that compares with one-fifth in Austria and one-seventh in the United States. This presumably is one of the important, hitherto undiscussed reasons for the poor, in some cases declining national health indicators shown by the post-socialist countries.
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