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Spojité nádoby: Etnologie, pražský strukturalismus a česká divadelní avantgarda

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Šlaisová E.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 1
65-85
EN
The study explores the exchange of impulses and ideas between the three fields indicated in the title, presenting Petr Bogatyrev as their mediator. It is concerned, among other things, with Bogatyrev connecting the findings of French sociologically-oriented ethnologists, such as Emil Durkheim and Luciene Lévy-Bruhl, and German ethnologists (Hans Neumann) to the theories of the Prague Linguistic Circle and their influence of Jan Mukařovský’ sociology of art. The author focuses on the way in which Bogatyrev combines the formal and sociological perspectives, and applies them on different cultural phenomena (folk beliefs, folk art, high art) as they move between different cultural strata. Another point of inquiry is the collaboration of Bogatyrev and theatre director E. F. Burian, whose montage of folk poetry is presented in the paper as a theatrical enactment of Bogatyrev’s structural-functional method, i.e. the transformation of function, structure, and meaning in transition between folk and high art.
2
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The Prague School's contribution to the theory of intermediality

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Šlaisová E.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2014
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vol. 17
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issue 2
41-49
EN
This paper explores the contributions of the Prague School scholars to the theory of intermediality. Although the theory of intermediality did not yet exist in the 1930s, scholars of the Prague School presented a number of ideas that today would certainly be understood within the scope of the theory. They perceived what we now call intermediality as part of a comparative exploration of arts, and aimed to establish a comparative semiology of arts. In their articles, these scholars touched upon two important relationships between arts, which are discussed in contemporary theories of intermediality as transmediality and plurimediality/multimediality. With regard to transmediality, this study looks at the broad interest of the Prague scholars' in the interchange of formal and thematic components between various arts, such as painting and literature or film and theatre, and presents their thoughts on the nature of these inter-art relationships. Regarding plurimediality, the Prague School scholars focused mainly on theatre, which they considered one of the most complicated artistic branches. Comparing their thoughts on theatre with those of Wagner, Brecht, Kandinsky and others, this study reveals the uniqueness and complexity of the Prague School's approach to theatre and points to its potential for contemporary intermedial theatre studies.
3
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Od smutného Pierota k pyšnému vezírovi aneb Honzlovy České písně kramářské

100%
Šlaisová E.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2021
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vol. 24
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issue 1
147-187
EN
At the beginning of the 1940s, Jindřich Honzl inclined to Czech traditional folklore, such as popular songs, poetry, plays, theatre, children's games etc. These were intended for the Theatre for 99 (Divadélko pro 99), which he ran between the years 1939 and 1941. One of Honzl's most successful productions and, in fact, the only one that he staged from the area of folklore, was his dramatic montage Czech Broadside Ballads (České písně kramářské, 1941). In this montage, Honzl endeavored to change the common view of the broadside ballad as a clichéd, lowbrow artistic form, and to reveal its potential for contemporary art (theatre) as well as society. Based on (recently discovered) archival materials, this study reconstructs Honzl's 1941 production of Broadside Ballads, and reveals that the image of the production presented in scholarly literature for decades is rooted in a book version of Czech Broadside Ballads from the 1960s, which does not faithfully reflect the original production. The study explores Honzl's innovative approach to the genre of the broadside ballad in terms of the selection of themes (ranging from sacral to profane, from intimate to social, etc.); forms (lyric, epic, ballad); and staging practice, including montage, projections, puppet, and folk theatre; as well as the use of light and colours, motifs/leitmotifs, and metaphorical political allusions.
CS
Na začátku 40. let 20. století usiloval Jindřich Honzl o scénické zpracování lidového umění; dramatizoval a režijně upravil mnohé folklorní žánry, jako např. lidové písně, balady, dětská říkadla a hry. V souvislosti s Honzlovým zájmem o folklor má jedinečný význam pásmo České písně kramářské (1941), neboť – přesto že mělo být prvním – zůstalo jediným realizovaným Honzlovým představením z této oblasti. Tato studie vychází z archivních materiálů, na jejichž základě autorka rekonstruuje tuto Honzlovu divadelní montáž a odhaluje, že obraz inscenace prezentovaný v odborné literatuře se v mnoha aspektech liší od původní podoby. Studie představuje Honzlův inovativní přístup ke kramářské písni (z hlediska výběru témat, písňové formy a inscenační praxe), jehož prostřednictvím se snažil upozornit na estetické kvality a sociální aspekt tohoto žánru, poukázat na paralely s moderním uměním a společenskou/politickou situací 40. let.
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Between Brueghel, Surrealism, and New Realism: Wachsman's stage design for Heavy Barbara

100%
Šlaisová E.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2022
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vol. 25
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issue 1
109-136
EN
In 1937, Jiří Voskovec and Jan Werich wrote and staged the play Těžká Barbora [Heavy Barbara], which was inspired by the art of Pieter Brueghel the Elder and represents a unique experiment involving dramatisation and theatricalisation of his paintings. This article focuses on Alois Wachsman's scenography for this play and explores it in relation to Brueghel's paintings; the poetics and humour of Voskovec and Werich; trends and artists of the period; Wachsman's scenography for the National Theatre; and his paintings. The study brings attention to the previously unknown fact that Wachsman created two different versions of the set design for Heavy Barbara. Both versions alluded to Brueghel; however, one was inspired by Surrealism/ Wachsman's imaginative painting, while the other accentuated the folk atmosphere of the play through its use of New Realism and New Objectivity.
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