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EN
The subject of this article is an analysis of the text My life, my fight (1974) by Jaroslav Mogutin considering its autobiographical value. The present work appears to be a specific catalo­ gue of the most important events from Mogutin’s point of view, from his difficult childhood in Russia to his forced New-York emigration. Among the files of Mogutin’s catalogue the confession connected with making real his homosexual likes takes a particular place. Family rows and breaking the law form a peculiar background to it. Mogutin is painfully sincere in describing his perverted erotic desires and persistent thoughts overfilling his head. He hopes to succeed in expressing the very essence of his individualism in that life-time epitaph.
EN
The article presents the latest version of circumstances and cause of death of Sergey Yesenin. It should be seen as an edition as well as addition to the recently published monograph Murder of Sergey Yesenin. Criminalistic, Historical and Literary Study (Szczytno 2009), where the primary version of the poet’s murder was depicted. The following revised version reveals some new figures which were directly involved in the tragic death of Yesenin, i.e. Iosif Stalin as the initiator or Georgy Ustinov and Vasily Nazarov as the executors of that perfidious deed. The author projects a plan of the plot, a calendar of the last days and hours of Yesenin’s life, brings out unknown facts and hypotheses which prove a planned homicide committed by members of Soviet secret police (Joint State Political Directorate) and, therefore, disqualify the official version of suicide.
EN
The subject of the author’s considerations are three letters written by Marina Tsvetaeva before her death. All three letters were subject to a translation analysis. The author focuses here on transformation procedures in order to discover the strategies applied by each translator and to answer the question: do these renditions create a poetic unison or a translator’s polyphonic version? Following the analysis, it is argued that, by principle, the Polish versions of farewell letters written by Marina Tsvetaeva provide very similar arrangements with regard to their content and form, which leads to the conclusion that these translations represent the poetics in unison. However, at times, especially in the version translated by Anna Piwkowska there is the visible polyphonic tendency of disparities between the target text and the end result.
EN
Author disputes with Helene Menegaldo ’s idea, according to which Boris Poplavski’s Выгсмотрели на море... is a parody of Igor Severyanin’s Это быгло у моря. Formal and semanticanalysis of both texts presented in the article proves that Poplavski’s poem cannot be a parody,a pastiche, or a travesty of Severyanin’s work but rather an encrypted dialogue perfectly blendinginto various intertextual contexts typical for the world literature that scrutinizes eternal questions.Poplavski didn’t mock Это быгло у моря, he just bitterly commented in Bunin’s style on miniaturepoem of Severyanin pointing at volatility of happiness, swift elapsing of love infatuations andalso the role of chance which often decides about tragic human fate.
EN
This article is an analysis of an essay written by Zinaida Gippius and published in the spring of 1924 in issue No. 19 of an influential emigration periodical Sovremennye zapiski. Her statement came to light in the historic moment when the white émigrés were firmly convinced that their safe return to Russia was impossible. In her essay, the author characterizes the works of Soviet writers from the perspective of the year 1924 and categorizes them into those who were able to preserve the notion of beauty in the new post-Revolution reality and those who irrevocably lost said concept. In the works of the latter the author notices nothing but the images of the nightmare of the daily life, entirely devoid of any artistic value. Gippius blames Bolshevism for the profound negative consequences of the changes which occurred in Russian culture after 1917.
EN
In this publication I discuss a 1927 article written by Elizaveta Skobtsova in which she pro-vided her programme of immediate and long-term remedial actions to be taken urgently by the Russian emigration community in order to mentally prepare for the fight against the evil residing at the Kremlin in Moscow. The author established specific initiatives, suggested their respective performers and deadlines. Some actions were meant to be taken individually, while others required organisational support in the form of seminar discussion groups. First as Elizaveta Skobtsova and later as Mother Maria, by means of setting her own example the Paris nun proved the accuracy of her attitude and the aptness of her assessment of the historical, political and religious situation of those days.
EN
K.I. Krivošeina, O tom, kak Liza Pilenko stala svâtoj materʹû Mariej Parižskoj, Pariž-Nižnij Novgorod 2020
EN
The author presents Marina Tsvetaeva’s musical and synaesthetic space on the basis of My Mother and Music, her autobiographical essay. Synaesthesia, although present in the life of Tsvetaeva as a young child and adult poet, is not especially depict-ed in this particular piece of work. The writer chose her memories which encompass a significant period of time from her birth to her 42nd birthday as her main narrative focus. The musical sphere of the young child was presented through the piano and its attributes (the keyboard, pedals, music stand, metronome, notes, piano stool), which were a source of various – both positive and negative – experiences for this sensitive girl. Marina Tsvetaeva’s mother, unfulfilled as a pianist, undoubtedly played a toxic role in her musical education. Maria Tsvetaeva “drowned and killed her daughters with music”, making them feel an organic resistance towards required physical and mental efforts far too great for their age. The situation changed after her mother’s death when Marina could pour all her love for music into incredibly original lyric poetry, becoming one of the greatest writers of the 20th century.
EN
The article studies the contents of fi ve letters written by Zinaida Gippius in 1926–1932 to three persons: Nina Berberova, Vladislav Khodasevich and Alexandr Amfi teatrov. All the interlocutors, including Ivan Bunin, represent the fi rst wave of the Russian emigration. In her letters to the acquaintances Gippius shares remarks about Bunin as a man and an artist. With typical for her irony and arrogance, she refers to the works of her competitor revealing negative features of her character. Gippius letters also portray mechanisms of the social and cultural life of Russian emigrants originating from the older generation of writers.
EN
The author analyzes the surrealistic miniature At great depth... by Boris Poplavsky and believes that the poem may be understood as the shortest history of Christ’s mission. This hypo- thesis is supported both by the form and the content of the work. Potentially religious meanings are hidden behind symbolic objects and actions. Sleep, for instance, takes the place of Advent, on the one hand, and, on the other, symbolizes mental doze of the Jews who were completely unprepared for the lessons Jesus taught. The author believes that Poplavsky’s text allows to state that neither the Israelites then nor the Christians now use the unique chance given to the humanity by the new commandment of Christ, the commandment to love one’s neighbor. That fact arouses poet’s pity. That state crowns the analyzed miniature and implies the evaluation of Jesus’ earthly mission.
EN
The article is an attempt to demystify Secret Notes from 1836-1837, which were published by Mikhail Armalinski in the United States in 1986 as an authentic text by Aleksandr Pushkin. There are a number of argument in favour of the diaries having been fabricated and intellectual fraud committed, with the most important being: 1. Secret Notes from 1836-1837 are not on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum; 2. the hoax-author thinks in terms of a person educated in the 20th century, rather than in the 19th one; 3. descriptions of sexual behaviour bear resemblance to contemporary style of a pornographic production; 4. there is too much narrator’s distance from himself and depicted events in the analysed work; 5. the structure of Secret Notes ...shows classical creative behaviours, including the hoaxer’s attachment to definite leitmotifs.
EN
In the present article I concentrate on reception of Jean Genet’s literary output in Russia and in the West from the viewpoint of the Russian emigrant writer Jaroslav Mogutin (1974). The essayist quotes scandalizing facts from Genet’s biography in an effort to illustrate the impact of culture on formation of new reader’s sensitivity, writes about Genet’s plays directed by Roman Viktiuk and about the theatre of paradox, raises a point of sexual attractiveness of fascism, and explores reasons for unfading popularity of the French writer. Readers are introduced to critics’ opinions of Genet and the role performed by Genet’s monograph by Edmund White. Mogutin’s conception is sharpened by references to the biographies of world-famous writers, such as Franz Kafka or Thomas Mann.
RU
В данной статье прослеживается восприятие творчества Жана Жене в России и на Западе с точки зрения русского писателя-эмигранта Ярослава Могутина (1974). Эссеист приводит скандальные факты из биографии Жене, чтобы показать влияние культуры на формирование новой читательской восприимчивости. Приводятся данные, связанные с постановками пьес Жене Романом Виктюком и театром парадокса, сексуальной привлекательностью фашизма и покровителями французского автора, а также мнение Эдмунда Уайта и других критиков о Жене. Даются параллели его биографии с биографиями иных писателей с мировой славой, как, например, Кафка или Манн.
XX
The presented interpretation of the poetry collection V venke iz voska (In the Wax Wreath) by Boris Poplavsky, based on a known George Kingsley Zipf’s law, is an example approach to a literary text from the point of view of words statistics, which reflects Poplavsky’s semantic and stylistic preferences. Thanks to the applied method, the following thesis concerning the poet’s idiolect were formulated: 1) Boris Poplavsky’s poetic world is of a definitely substantive structure; 2) the most important role in the specification of the presented world is played by senses - visual impressions and colours; 3) the lyrical subject acts mainly as a reporter of current events; 4) the used adverbs reveal the poet’s inclination to “stretching” time and space; 5) high frequency of the “I” pronoun testifies significant egocentrism of Poplavsky’s. *
EN
The article features Yaroslav Mogutin’s (1974) conception of fascist sexuality, in which fascist attributes are very important, particularly swastika and S&M homosexual experience. Mogutin says that if there was no fascism in history, followers of S&M would invent it in their „politically incorrect” fantasies. The post-war fascist culture continues to shock decent citizens in modern times producing in their frightened bourgeois consciousness the apocalyptic visions of the end of the world. Mogutin accentuates the special place and considerable implications of the fascist theme for works of authors recognized in the world of contemporary literature.
EN
The article focuses on the influence which shockers - rebels and scandalizers - wield on the fate of the world. It unveils some universal receptivity mechanisms corresponding to activities taken by radicals, whose uncompromising attitude and views were of epoch-making importance in the development of culture. I compare my reflections first of all with the field of verbal art, which does not mean however that they are not proved correct in some other domains. Knowledge of those mechanisms allows one to precisely predict phases of every new rebellion, essential from the standpoint of both the thought revolution, and importance of a rebel for breaking dogmas and creating new values, principles and ideals. At the same time, the knowledge proves that every opposition to culture has its sources, course and end, with the last one usually initiating another duel of an unyielding individual against norms imposed on him/her not only by some abstract thousand-year-old tradition, but also by some definite people shaping the contemporary morality, i.e. politicians, lawyers and clergymen.
EN
The author analyzes a piece of 17th century chronicle of Charles IX of Sweden and its Polish translation done by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz. This fragment presented in a satire form concerns critics of behavior and private life of Anna Vasa (1568–1625), a niece of the king of Sweden. Both Old Swedish and Old Polish texts are valuable sources of information about the Swedish princess as the information about her private life is very scarce. The analyzed satire presents real and dubious facts (where the credibility is concerned) of the princess’s biography.
EN
The article focuses on the reception of literary works by James Arthur Baldwin (1924-1987) in the West and in Russia. This classic of American literature showed himself to contemporary readers not only as a gifted prose writer, playwright and feature writer, but also as a radical social activist committed to the fight against American racism. The book Giovanni ’s Room, ranking among the golden hundred of the world literature of the second half of the 20th century, is regarded as the first American novel featuring homosexual love and an important voice in the fight against homophobia. Baldwin proves that we are slaves to the culture the main character, David, is a victim of.
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