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EN
John Paul II mentioned that Martin Luther’s proclamation gave rise to the reformation and became the cause of breakages and divisions in the Church, but (despite everything) “the belief in the Crucified and Resurrected Christ remains as a common denominator of Christians of the reformation times. They differed in relation to the Church and Rome but they did not reject the truth about the Resurrection”. This truth particularly characterized the actions of people on the Polish political scene in the Jagiellonian period. This truth even now unites Christians and Christians who act together stand a chance to demonstrate to the contemporary world that evil can and should be overcome by good but they must, like Elijah, conquer disappointment and despair and to hear God’s command: “Get up, eat as there is a long way ahead of you”. Catholics and Protestants have already overcome many obstacles on their way to reconciliation but perhaps the tradition of Polish Christianity, its Jagiellonian dimension will point out new areas of dialogue.
EN
For several years, there has been a rescue notification system operating in Poland, in which emergency call centres have been handling calls made to the 112 emergency number. A very high number of false calls is a serious problem which the operators of emergency numbers have to cope with. The paper attempts to indicate the factors that may affect the improvement of safety culture, and the efficiency of the emergency notification system.
PL
Od kilku lat funkcjonuje w Polsce system powiadamiania ratunkowego, w którym obsługą zgłoszeń kierowanych na numer alarmowy 112 zajmują się centra powiadamiania ratunkowego. Poważnym problemem, z którym zmagają się operatorzy numerów alarmowych, jest bardzo wysoka liczba zgłoszeń fałszywych. Artykuł stara się wskazać czynniki, które mogą wpłynąć na podniesienie kultury bezpieczeństwa i na sprawność działania systemu powiadamiania ratunkowego.
PL
Parafia uniejowska należała do nielicznych w Polsce parafii o wieloosobowej obsadzie plebańskiej. W XV wieku w Uniejowie opiekę duszpasterską sprawowało dwóch proboszczów: pleban wiejski – wiceprepozyt oraz pleban miejski – wicearchidiakon. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie zagadnienia wieloosobowych parafii oraz odtworzenie i scharakteryzowanie piętnastowiecznej grupy proboszczów parafii uniejowskiej. W pracy przedstawiono również kwestie regulacji majątkowych i wzajemnych relacji między plebanami uniejowskimi.
EN
In the 15th century, the Uniejów parish was one of a few parishes in Poland which had two parsons: one who took care of parishioners living in the town, and the other – of parishioners in rural areas. The paper characterizes the 15th century group of Uniejów parish priests as well as addresses a broader issue of parishes with more than one priests, including property regulations and mutual relations between the parsons.
PL
Zamek arcybiskupów gnieźnieńskich w Uniejowie po pierwszej rozbudowie, przeprowadzonej około połowy XV w., był jedną z najciekawszych i najbardziej rozbudowanych warowni późnego średniowiecza w centralnej Polsce. Piętnastowieczne źródła dotyczące obiektu obronnego w Uniejowie są niezwykle lakoniczne. Są to pojedyncze zapiski w aktach arcybiskupich, konsystorskich czy metryce kapituły gnieźnieńskiej. Dotyczą one głównie kwestii zarządu zamkiem uniejowskim lub informują nas o wydarzeniach, które miały miejsce na zamku. Walory rezydencjonalne zamku powodowały, że był on miejscem częstych przystanków na drodze arcybiskupich podróży, zaś jego walory obronne decydowały zapewne o tym, że był wykorzystywany jako schronienie dla skarbów kapituły gnieźnieńskiej.
EN
The castle of Gniezno archbishops in Uniejów was, after the first extension carried out around the mid-15th century, one of the largest and most interesting castles of the late Middle Ages in central Poland. 15th century sources mentioning the Uniejów castle are very scarce – just short notes in archbishops’ and consistorial records and in the registers of the Gniezno chapter. They mostly refer to administrative matters of the Uniejów castle or provide information about events that took place at the castle. Due to the attractiveness of the castle as place of residence it was often visited by archbishops during their journeys, while its defensive value made it a perfect place for keeping the treasures of the Gniezno chapter.
EN
Local governments play an important role in creating cultural security, both by protecting monuments, as well as by building and developing local identity. Local government should involve the local community in its activities, because only cooperation between local authorities and residents creates appropriate conditions for the development of local identity.
EN
The following article is an attempt to analyse and interpret the weaponry and other elements of equestrian gear, which were recorded in XVth century inventories of Kraków citizens. The paper discusses offensive and defensive armaments and equipment while interpreting German, Latin and Polish terms and assessing an approximate value of the above-mentioned objects. Subsequently, the article explains the reasons for including weaponry in the inventories. The analysis of the movable items has shown that the weaponry is characteristic of the inventories which are more exhaustive in terms of quality as well as quantity of contents. The weaponry groups display both uniformity (they show wide use of cross-bows and sword, and, as lar as the defensive weapon is concerned, helmets, coats of mail and metal plates) and differentiation. Weapon kits confirm a good preparation of Kraków citizens for military assaults. It should be remembered that the above-mentioned documents concern mostly the wealthiest stratum of Kraków inhabitants, who could afford the purchase of the appropriate weapons. It has also been concluded, that the appearance of weaponry in the inventories of movables was connected with military duties of the citizens. The presence of weaponry, especially in the case of the reach merchants and council members, might have resulted from the necessity of defending the possessed wealth and it thought to have given the proprietor a feeling of personal security.
PL
Tomasz z Uniejowa, notariusz publiczny i pleban w Wieleninie, należał do środowiska mieszczańskich „litterati”, czyli ludzi, którzy na co dzień posługiwali się pismem. W artykule ukazano znane źródłowo fragmenty z jego życia na tle środowiska w którym działał i jego relacje z otoczeniem.
EN
Tomasz of Uniejów, public notary and vicar in Wielenin, belonged to the community of burgher „litterati”, i.e. townspeople who made use of writing in their everyday life. The article presents some fragments from his life against the background of the community in which he was active and his relationships with the environment
EN
Interdisciplinarity is one of the basic postulates of modern scientific research. This postulate is of major significance for security studies. The relationship between security and management is given particular emphasis, as the achievements in the discipline of management and quality sciences are important for security studies. Many factors that directly require management affect the level of security. The paper strives to point to the fact that the construction and application of strategies in the area of human resources management can have a significant impact on improving the social subsystem, and, therefore, have a much better influence on the management of the system of national security.
PL
Interdyscyplinarność jest jednym z podstawowych postulatów współczesnych badań naukowych, niezwykle istotnym dla nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Szczególnie dostrzegane są związki między bezpieczeństwem a zarządzaniem. Dorobek w dyscyplinie nauk o zarządzaniu i jakości jest ważny dla nauk o bezpieczeństwie, ponieważ na poziom bezpieczeństwa oddziałuje wiele czynników, które bezpośrednio wymagają zarządzania. Autorzy wskazują, że budowa i zastosowanie strategii w obszarze zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi może mieć istotny wpływ na usprawnienie podsystemu społecznego i w rezultacie znacznie lepiej oddziaływać na kierowanie systemem bezpieczeństwa narodowego
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