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1

HOW MUCH INFORMATION DO YOU NEED? INTERACTION OF INTUITIVE PROCESSING WITH EXPERTISE

100%
Čavojová V., Hanák R.
Studia Psychologica
|
2014
|
vol. 56
|
issue 2
83 – 97
EN
Intuition is usually seen as fast, automatic, high processing capacity, yet only few studies focused directly on the connection with the amount of information search. In this paper we present two studies examining two different domains (financial and recruiting) and employing different manipulations (time stress and instruction). The main aim of both studies was to examine whether preference for intuition (as cognitive style) would lead to less information search with respect to expert and non-expert population, with experience as moderator affecting intuitive people more in terms of searching for less information. Generally, our results indicate that situational manipulations, such as inducing time stress or giving instruction to think intuitively, affect information search more than preferred cognitive style and that it is necessary to examine intuition in context-specific tasks as the experience plays a crucial role in the searching information when making decisions.Intuition is usually seen as fast, automatic, high processing capacity, yet only few studies focused directly on the connection with the amount of information search. In this paper we present two studies examining two different domains (financial and recruiting) and employing different manipulations (time stress and instruction). The main aim of both studies was to examine whether preference for intuition (as cognitive style) would lead to less information search with respect to expert and non-expert population, with experience as moderator affecting intuitive people more in terms of searching for less information. Generally, our results indicate that situational manipulations, such as inducing time stress or giving instruction to think intuitively, affect information search more than preferred cognitive style and that it is necessary to examine intuition in context-specific tasks as the experience plays a crucial role in the searching information when making decisions.
2

APPROPRIATENESS OF TWO INVENTORIES MEASURING INTUITION (THE PID AND THE REI) FOR SLOVAK POPULATION

81%
Ballová Mikušková E., Hanák R., Čavojová V.
Studia Psychologica
|
2015
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1
63 – 82
EN
There are several available measures that can help us to distinguish between two general types of processing, usually known as intuitive and deliberative. In the current study we examined two of them, Rationality-Experiantility Inventory and Preference for Intuition/Deliberation Scale in Slovak sample of 860 working adults and students (Study 1). In Study 2 (with N = 428 participants) we verified the 2-factor structure of REI after rephrasing problematic items shown in Study 1. The results showed that both PID and REI have good internal consistency, structures of Slovak versions correspond with the original versions. We found also some gender and age differences, and identified three factors (decision-making based on affect and holistic processing, decision-making based on creativity and cognitions, and planned, deliberate decision-making).
3

DO YOU HAVE TO BE SMART TO KNOW WHAT THE OTHERS ARE THINKING?

81%
Čavojová V., Ballová Mikušková E., Hanák R.
Studia Psychologica
|
2013
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
61 – 66
EN
Research concerning mindreading has dealt extensively with its (in) dependence on executive functions. However, surprisingly few studies focused on direct relationship of mindreading with intelligence, although it has been proposed that the high level mindreading in older children and adults is dependent on general cognitive skills. In the study two advanced mindreading tests were employed and data about participants’ verbal abilities were obtained. There was no significant correlation of verbal ability and memory with any of the mindreading tasks. Our results demonstrate a lack of significant linear relationship of mindreading with the intelligence domains, language and memory as well as support the argument that mindreading exists as a specific independent cognitive domain.
4

EXPERTS USE COMPENSATORY STRATEGIES MORE OFTEN THAN NOVICES IN HIRING DECISIONS

81%
Hanák R., Sirota M., Juanchich M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2013
|
vol. 55
|
issue 4
251 – 263
EN
Previous research focusing on decision making has reported that most novices use an extensive set of cues in a compensatory way to make their decisions (i.e., compensatory strategies), whereas most experts use a limited set of relevant cues in a non-compensatory way (i.e., non-compensatory strategies). We tested the generalizability of these conclusions in a personnel selection context with students as novices and recruiters as experts. In a realistic setting, we investigated the effect of expertise on a subjective and an objective measure of decision making strategies. Results showed that, in contrast with previous research, both novices and experts mostly used compensatory strategies and that experts used them more often than novices. Further, consistently with previous research, experts allocated more importance than novices to cues predicting future job performance. We discussed theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
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