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1

CONDITIONALS IN ANCIENT LOGIC

100%
Tkaczyk M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2007
|
vol. 35
|
issue 4
23-41
EN
Ancient research on conditionals are collected and revised. It is claimed, that the problem arises in analyzing of some methods of deduction. Five main ancient concepts of conditionals are analyzed, those of Aristotle, Diodorus Cronus, Philo of Megara, Chrysippus and an anonymous text concerned with a concept of 'dynamei'. It is argued, that this text should be identified with the one by Aristotle. Philo's concept is the classical, truth-functional one. It is suggested, that Aristotle's concept is close to the modern concept of entailment, but not identical. Chrysippus's concept is especially discussed. It is claimed, that, contrary to common opinion, it is not close to C. I. Lewis's modern concept of strict implication. Chrysippus' concept of implication seems to be a nomic or causal one, like Diodorus's concept of temporal implication, while Lewis's concept of strict implication is based on the concept of logical modality.
2

LEGAL REGULATIONS OF REPRIVATIZATION PROCESS IN SELECTED EASTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

100%
Tkaczyk M.
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Prawna
|
2005
|
issue 4(11)
55-87
EN
The paper contains the synthesis of reprivatization concepts introduced in East Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Bulgaria. The selection of the countries which have undergone the process in their own specific ways, allows for a wider scope of comparison and at the same time lets the author to omit legal solutions adopted by other countries. The study concentrates on comparison of three main legal aspects of reprivatization regulations: the objective and subjective scopes and adopted forms of realization of the process with the special attention on natural restitution and its limitations. The basic conclusion of the paper points at the lack of full reprivatization in each of the mentioned countries. A wide range of exclusions and restrictions as well as a variety of adopted realization methods were meant to guarantee the security of individualistic social, financial and economic interests. Therefore, the hypothesis of implementing one common concept of reprivatization by all countries is immediately discredited. The possibility of working out 'the best' reprivatization method also seems doubtful.
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