Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 18

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
Polish is learnt by two types of learners; namely, heritage language learners (HLLs) and foreign language learners (FLLs). HLLs are of Polish origin and have gained their partial knowledge of language in a natural environment unlike FLLs who learn Polish in a formal institutional setting and have no Polish roots whatsoever. Lexical resources of HLLs and FLLs and their access to mental lexicon language data, even when their overall level of language proficiency is similar, seem to differ. HLLs speak more fluently, particularly when talking about everyday matters, and their production sounds more native like, being more formulaic. FLLs on the other hand, when speaking, “look for words” with more difficulty and sentences they build often sound odd. The aim of the project is to find out whether the lexical resources of HLLs are really, qualitatively and quantitatively, different to that of FLLs and if so, to what extent. In order to estimate the vocabulary size of the two groups samples of HLLs’ and FLLs’ writing at B2 level were analyzed with the use of various indices such as lexical variation, density, sophistication and Lexical Frequency Profile.
EN
The text dwells on lexical inferencing and its role in foreign language learning. Lexical inference strategy is frequently recommended by teachers and researchers therefore in the text concentrates on various factors stimulating or inhibiting its use. It also describes various cues – interlingual, intralingual (morphological, grammatical, semantic) and contextual — which can aid readers to infer the meaning of unknown words. It also identifies some weaknesses in the lexical inferencing procedures of used by learners.
Język Polski
|
2018
|
vol. 98
|
issue 2
42-60
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie badań słownictwa, które znalazły zastosowanie w (glotto)dydaktyce polonistycznej, tj. w nauczaniu/uczeniu się polskiego jako rodzimego i nierodzimego, lub zostały podjęte z myślą o zwiększeniu efektywności procesu kształcenia językowego. Dążenie do precyzyjnego określenia stopnia biegłości leksykalnej oczekiwanego od uczących się na poszczególnych etapach edukacji językowej, poszukiwanie sposobów, które umożliwiają i/lub usprawniają jego osiąganie, w (glotto)dydaktyce mają charakter kluczowy. Niezależnie bowiem od tego, czy użytkownicy władają polszczyzną jako językiem ojczystym czy obcym, zarówno o jakości formułowanych przez nich wypowiedzi, jak i o bogactwie ich treści w dużej mierze decyduje poziom ich kompetencji leksykalnej.
EN
The text elaborates on lexical research which either has made direct impact on teaching Polish as a first or a foreign language or has been specifically carried out so as to enhance effectiveness of language education. The explorations that help to determine the level of learners’ lexical proficiency expected at a given stage of instruction or look for ways which facilitate learning, giving at the same time some insight into the nature of this process, are of key importance in applied linguistics. The level of users’ lexical competence, irrespectivelywhether it is their first or foreign language, decides not only about the quality of their performance but also of its content richness.
EN
Graded readers are designed for students whose level of language proficiency is not sufficient to enable them to read authentic texts. Such materials are either written especially for glottodidactic purposes or they are created by simplifying works of literature. Such simplifying can take three different forms. The first one is called adaptation, the second can be described as simplification, that is made within the text, the last one combines adaptation and simplification. The aim of the article is to present the rules of preparing graded reader materials and to discuss the three types of simplification. It explains also the advantages for readers that result from reading texts which actually meet the level of their language proficiency.
EN
Dictionaries have had a very important didactic function ever since they first appeared, and they have always been an indispensable help to learners of all languages. In this text, the author reflects whether the general, monolingual Polish Academy of Sciences Great Dictionary of Polish, which has been avail-able on the Internet for several years now, might be a useful tool for develop-ing linguistic competence of Polish language learners; in other words, whether this dictionary can be used as a learner’s one. The paper starts with a brief de-scription of the monolingual learner’s dictionary as a specific lexicographic genre and then presents the thorough analyses of the Great Dictionary of Polish macro-and microstructure with the eye on the usefulness of solutions for language learners.
EN
Level B (Independent user) is a specific stage in the process of language education because it consists of two completely different levels of language proficiency. The objectives and content of teaching on B1 level (Threshold or intermediate) and B2 (Vantage or upper intermediate) are incompatible when it comes to quantity and quality. It is necessary to choose different methods of teaching/learning at B2 level, otherwise the progress in learning can be slowed (the language learning plateau). The aim of the article is to present the specifics of learning vocabulary at B2 (Vantage or upper intermediate) level and provide some didactic strategies that can help teachers to minimize the plateauing of language learning and its effects. They can also help students in learning new vocabulary effectively.
EN
The number of migrant children at Polish schools is increasing. They should use the Polish language not only to communicate at school and beyond, but also to understand the world. In order to achieve this goal certain actions must be taken because the development of the necessary communicative and cognitive skills does not occur spontaneously. The article presents the specificity of the term language of education, distinguishing it from language of everyday communication, and proves its importance for children’s educational achievements. The article author also proves the necessity of distinguishing between shaping the linguistic communicative skills and cognitive language proficiency.
EN
Interactive discourse, a natural source of meaningful language input, plays an important role in the process of developing learners’ communicative competence. Negative and/ or corrective feedback which they get from their interlocutors allows them not only to notice gaps in their linguistic/ cultural knowledge but also to take steps to modify their production so as to make it more adequate. The research shows that a focus on negative/ corrective feedback results in significant learning as the successful modification stimulates the development of learners’ interlanguage which thus becomes a more satisfactory means of communication. The purpose of this article is to present and analyze factors stimulating the process of changing the data from meaningful input, modified on the basis of negative/ corrective feedback into learners’ linguistic knowledge manifesting itself in their more fortunate and more adequate language output.
PL
Dyskurs interakcyjny, będący naturalnym źródłem zrozumiałego materiału wyjściowego, jest czynnikiem odgrywającym istotną rolę w procesie kształtowania kompetencji komunikacyjnej. Uzyskiwane w trakcie interakcji informacje zwrotne umożliwiają bowiem uczącym się podjęcie działań naprawczych, dzięki którym dochodzi do modyfikowania produkcji językowej i dostosowania jej do konsytuacji. Działania takie stymulują rozwój ich interjęzyka, dzięki czemu staje się on coraz sprawniejszym narzędziem komunikacji. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba analizy czynników wspomagających proces zamiany danych językowych, otrzymywanych przez uczących się w trakcie instruktażowych działań nauczyciela (meaningful input), a modyfikowanych na podstawie negatywnych informacji zwrotnych (negative feedback) na przyswojoną wiedzę językową, przejawiającą się w poprawniejszych i/ lub bardziej fortunnych działaniach komunikacyjnych (meaningful modified output).
EN
There are many terms which refer to Polish language and they do not have the same meaning. The differences however, even minor, are particularly important in the area of language learning and teaching for both researchers and instructors (teachers of Polish as a mother tongue and as a foreign language). Not only should they be able to differentiate between various terminological categories but also be aware of their theoretical and practical implications, e.g. what is the function of Polish when it is not the pupils’ first language? what role does it play for its speakers? what is the difference between language learning and language acquisition, between bilingualism and knowledge of two languages? what is semilingualism and diglossia? These issues are closely linked with multilingualism and multiculturalism which in today’s society have become phenomena characteristic of many communities.
EN
Nowadays the range of technologies available for use in teaching and learning languages has become very diverse  therefore the ways that they are being used in classrooms have become central to language practice. Innovative approaches to language development are often considered necessary in the digital age. Does however the investment we are making in new technologies give us proper value for money? Many researches have already pointed out that the new technologies do not have any intrinsic value and just their use does not guarantee success in mastering a language. In order to stimulate acquisition they have to be seamlessly integrated into process of learning. In our study we wanted to find out what approach to new technologies (their presence and role in classroom practice) take three groups of people involved in language learning/teaching process; namely, experienced teachers, future teachers and present pupils as older teachers are very often regarded as people who are “technology unfriendly”, pupils on the other hand are normally perceived as enthusiast of every innovation.
EN
Knowledge of word formation is an important element of the grammatical competencies of native speakers. Studying forms and functions of derivates and practising using them is also extremely important for foreigners studying Polish. This article contributes to the discussion about the position and function of word formation in the process of education. The authors claim that a specific system of derivation must determine the way in which it is taught. Critical analysis of solutions that have been used in glottodidactics, suggest a new approach, which would place the didactics of word formation ‘between’ grammar and vocabulary.
EN
The cognitive approach in teaching points out clearly to the necessity of integrating language skills in didactic process. Such skills in everyday situations usually appear together: we read in order to write down certain information, we listen to someone’s utterance in order to repeat it to someone else, we write something for someone else to read it etc. Such attitude in teaching imitates a real character of natural communication that combines different types of skills in one multidimensional entity. Methodological materials say nothing or very little on the necessity of integral teaching of the parts of language system that are connected even closer than language skills. No statement can be produced if we do not know the words that this statement should contain and we do not know the rules that must be followed to put these words together. We also need to be able to spell and write down the words correctly in order to make our statement understandable. The article discusses the idea of integrated teaching of the parts of language system along with highlighting its advantages. It is also going to be proved that due to such approach in teaching a learner has numerous and various contacts with language materials, which according to Craik and Lockhart (1971) enhances the process of remembering learnt material.
EN
In contemporary Polish linguistics, there are two approaches to determining grammatical gender classes: the traditional and the contemporar formal. According to the traditional concept, derived from the classical school, the nominative case is the basis for the division into gender classes. In modern Polish language, the traditional approach distinguishes the following classes: masculine, feminine, and neutral and in the plural form there is also the masculine­‑personal and non­‑masculine­‑personal. On the other hand, in the contemporary approach the basis for division into gender classes is the accusative case, and less frequently, the genitive case. In didactic practice however, and especially in teaching Polish as a foreign language, the traditional approach is applied as it is the most transparent, understandable and accessible to learners.
PL
Narzędziem pomiaru najczęściej stosowanym w dydaktyce języka jest test osiągnięć. Za jego pomocą określa się stopień opanowania przez uczących się określonego materiału i/lub wielkość przyrostu ich umiejętności językowych. Błędy popełniane na etapie konstruowania testu osiągnięć w zakresie doboru treści podlegających sprawdzeniu, zadań testowych oraz zastosowanych kryteriów poprawy mogą fałszować rzeczywisty obraz umiejętności zdających, niesłusznie je przeceniając lub dostatecznie ich nie dowartościowując. W niniejszym tekście analizie poddaje się czynniki wpływające na trafność oraz rzetelność testu osiągnięć, które są podstawowymi wyznacznikami jego poprawności.
EN
A language achievement test is the most commonly used evaluation tool in the field of language learning/ teaching. Such tests measure students’ mastery of a particular instructional domain in order to make decisions regarding their advancement and/or competency. A well-constructed test will give both the teacher and the students an appraisal of their respective achievements. Administering tests will lose its importance if the items do not pose a particular challenge to the students and/or if they do not adequately reflect the given body of content. The text presents a thorough analysis of the factors affecting validity and reliability of achievement tests. Validity is the most important quality of test use, which concerns the extent to which meaningful inferences can be drawn from test scores. No test can achieve its intended purpose if its results are unreliable.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.