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Many faces of optimism. Proposal of five profiles of optimistic attitudes in research on Polish sample.

100%
Czerw A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 2
239-245
EN
Optimism is one human characteristic which for many years has been of central interest to psychology. This variable is usually treated as a one-dimensional human trait. This text presents a different view of optimism. It includes a discussion of a multidimensional questionnaire for the measurement of optimism: the Optimistic Attitude Questionnaire (OAQ). The OAQ measures four dimensions of optimism: achievement orientation, incaution, positive thinking, and openness. The results of a k-means clustering procedure that was conducted on a group of 766 adults are presented as well. The results of the analysis reveal five different profiles: global optimists, pessimists, cautious optimists, moderate optimists, and risk-takers. The obtained profiles are significantly different from each other - for example, with respect to the age of the participants and their evaluations of life satisfaction.
2
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Work Attitudes and Work Ethic as Predictors of Work Engagement among Polish Employees

63%
Czerw A., Grabowski D.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 4
503-512
EN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between work engagement and the psychological traits of employees, such as attitudes towards work and work ethic. Additionally, the study included demographic characteristics of employees and organizational characteristics. Research was conducted using the Polish adaptations of two well known methods: Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile and Utrecht Work Enagagement Scale, as well as the Work Attitude Questionnaire (WAQ) - a new Polish method. 360 adult employees of two large Polish regions took part in the study. The analysis showed a significant influence of hedonic-autotelic attitude, as well as four dimensions of work ethic on work engagement. It seems to be an important conclusion that work engagement turned out to be far more determined by the subject’s psychological traits than demographic and organizational ones. These results, indicating the special role of the perception of work as a central value, can be used only in the area of attitudes towards work formed during adolescence (e.g., at school, in career counseling) but also in the area of motivating the employees by the organization.
3
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Zróżnicowane systemy wartości pracowników w różnych typach zawodów

63%
Borkowska A., Czerw A.
Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi
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2013
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issue 1(90)
35-47
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie różnic w obrębie wyznawanych wartości motywujących ludzi do pracy w różnych typach zawodów. Badania przeprowadzono na dwóch grupach pracowników zróżnicowanych pod względem charakteru wykonywanej pracy. Pierwszą stanowiły osoby pracujące w zawodach z misją społeczną, tj. w zawodach wymagających poświęcenia na rzecz innych ludzi. Druga grupa to osoby pracujące w zawodach bez misji społecznej. Artykuł prezentuje badania oparte na autorskiej koncepcji oraz własnej metodzie pomiaru wartości i motywów, którymi ludzie kierują się w pracy. W badaniach użyto kwestionariusza wartości i motywów w pracy (KWiMP), który składa się z 4 wymiarów: samorealizacji, prospołeczności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwość w pracy oraz dążenia do dobrobytu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na istotne różnice w hierarchiach wartości obu grup. Referowane badania przeprowadzono na grupie 386 dorosłych osób.
EN
The purpose of this article is to identify differences in the area of subscribed values motivating people in various types of occupations to work. The study was conducted on two groups of workers differentiated by the nature of their work. The first group consisted of the people working in occupations with a social mission, i.e. jobs that require dedication for the benefit of other people. The second group consisted of those working in professions without any social mission. The article presents a study based on an original concept and proprietary method for measuring values ​​and motives that people turn to in their work. The study used the “Questionnaire Values ​​and Motives at Work,” which is made up of four dimensions: personal fulfillment, altruism, security and justice in work, and a striving for prosperity. Results received indicate significant differences in the values hierarchies of the two groups. The research was conducted on a group of 386 adults.
4

Praca zawodowa, jako obszar realizowania misji społecznej

63%
Borkowska A., Czerw A.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2010
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vol. 5
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issue 4(15)
303-315
EN
The article focuses on the sense of social mission, considered a factor that influences choice of a profession and work performance. The concept of social mission as related to professional occupation has been defined and jobs with social mission were compared to another group of jobs, known in Poland as the "social profit jobs". The article presents a study of a group of individuals (N = 197) executing one of the social mission jobs (teachers, healthcare) and employees of other professions (N = 175). A specially designed method measuring the individual's sense of a mission has been used.. The results show that employees in professions with social mission indeed displayed a higher sense of a mission than employees in other professions. Moreover, the sense of a mission showed positive relationship with work satisfaction.
5
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The Vitamin Model of well-being at work – an application in research in an automotive company

63%
Borkowska A., Czerw A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 35
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issue 2
187-198
EN
ObjectivesThe main aim of the presented study was to check the level of perceived dimensions of work according to Peter Warr’s model of wellbeing at work (referred to as the Vitamin Model). The main aim was to verify: a) the non-linear dependency of well-being and the first group of “vitamins” of the model; and b) the linear dependency for the second group of dimensions of work.Material and MethodsThe article presents the results of research conducted in a Polish automotive production company. The Vitamin TAW Questionnaire was used to diagnose the dimensions of work. Well-being was measured using the Satisfaction With Job Scale. The analyzes were carried out on a group of 197 people who took part in the research and represented various departments of the organization.ResultsThe obtained results allow a partial confirmation of the non-linear relationship within the dimensions of the first group (for 3 out of 6 characteristics) and a full confirmation of the linear relationship for all dimensions from the second group.Conclusions: The recommendations arising from the research are universal in character and can be used by managers of various organizations. The results clearly demonstrate the need for reflection, and evidence-based and data driven changes in human resources management, and the creation of positive environment of work.
6
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Assessment of worklife areas, trust in supervisor and interpersonal trust as conditions of severity of stress at work

51%
Chudzicka-Czupała A., Grabowski D., Czerw A., Stasiła-Sieradzka M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2022
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vol. 35
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issue 6
719-730
EN
Objectives The aim of the paper is to present the findings from a study of the relationships between perception of worklife areas and trust in supervisor and interpersonal trust on the one hand, and assessment of the severity of stress at work on the other hand. Material and methods The study involved 1113 individuals working in different Polish organizations. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to measure stress severity. Assessments of worklife areas were measured using the Areas of Worklife Survey, while trust was measured using the Trust in Supervisor Scale and the Interpersonal Trust Measures, a tool for measuring trust in co-workers. Results The regression analysis results prove that stress severity depends to the largest extent on the assessment of worklife areas (workload, reward, and values), as well as trust in the skills and competencies of the supervisor and trust in co-workers, based on cognitive factors. The role of trust in the supervisor, emphasizing the latter’s benevolence and the belief in their integrity and of trust in co-workers, based on emotions, and the relationships of these variables with stress require clarification. The model turned out to be statistically significant, the variables included in the model explain 45% of the variability of the dependent variable. Conclusions Assessment of worklife areas is more significant for stress level prediction than the trust dimensions studied. Conclusions concerning the relationships between trust and stress must be cautious, and the matter should be studied further.
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Wymiary etyki pracy jako predyktory strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem

51%
Grabowski D., Pollak A., Czerw A.
Medycyna Pracy
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2017
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vol. 68
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issue 6
711-724
EN
Background The article presents the mutual relations between the components of work ethic and the strategies of coping with stress used by employees of different branches. Material and Methods Work ethic was presented as a syndrome of the following attitudes: perceiving work as a moral value, treating work as a central value in life, and the belief in the importance of hard work that leads to success. This ethic also consists of the following components: unwillingness to waste time, disapproval of spare time (anti-leisure), willingness to delay gratification, willingness to act honestly at work (morality/ethic), and being independent (self-reliance). Coping strategies were presented as 3 dimensions (obtained by application of factor analysis of the questionnaire scales COPE (Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced)): proactive cognitive operations, avoidance of action and seeking support. Results The study conducted on 360 employees of different branches shows that the dimensions of the work ethic are moderately related to strategies emphasizing proactive cognitive operations and poorly related to seeking support and avoidance of action. At the same time, the relations between work ethic and avoidance of action are negative (higher work ethic is linked with lower tendency to avoid action). Conclusions Predictors of proactive cognitive operations are unwillingness to waste time, treating work as a central value in life, willingness to act honestly at work (morality/ethic) and being independent (self-reliance). Med Pr 2017;68(6):711–724
PL
Wstęp Artykuł przedstawia związek etyki pracy ze strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem, stosowanymi przez osoby pracujące w różnych organizacjach. Materiał i metody Etyka pracy została przedstawiona jako syndrom 7 postaw i przekonań – postrzegania pracy jako centrum życia, przekonania o wartości ciężkiej pracy, dezaprobaty marnowania czasu, niechęci do czasu wolnego, odraczania gratyfikacji, gotowości do moralnego postępowania i polegania na sobie. Strategie radzenia sobie zostały przedstawione jako 3 wymiary otrzymane przez zastosowanie analizy czynnikowej skal kwestionariusza COPE (Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced – Inwentarza do Pomiaru Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem), czyli: aktywne działanie poznawcze, rezygnację z działania i poszukiwanie wsparcia. Wyniki Badania przeprowadzone w grupie 360 osób pracujących pokazały, że z wymiarami etyki pracy umiarkowanie i dodatnio są związane strategie akcentujące aktywne działania poznawcze, a słabo – poszukiwanie wsparcia i rezygnacja z działania. Przy tym związek etyki pracy z rezygnacją z działania jest ujemny, co oznacza, że większa etyka pracy raczej zmniejsza skłonność do rezygnacji z działania. Wnioski Do predyktorów aktywnego działania poznawczego należą niechęć do marnotrawienia czasu, postrzeganie pracy jako centralnej wartości życia i gotowość do moralnego postępowania oraz poleganie na sobie. Med. Pr. 2017;68(6):711–724
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