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EN
Unarguably the breakthrough nature of the revolutions of 1989 had their impact on the shape of the political system of the former Soviet bloc countries, including Slovakia. From the point of view of literature this breakthrough moment is not that obvious as from the 1990s there have been debates on various detailed aspects and contexts referring to this period of transformation. The author of this article discusses factors such as pluralism of literary institutions, development of publishing market, the impact of market mechanisms on literary life, and reintegration of literary circulation that establish a condition of Slovak literature the country has never been in before. What changes after 1989 is the perception of the writer’s role and thus a new dominant model of an unconstrained writer is being shaped. As to the fields of poetics and text structure, what is most difficult to identify is the unequivocally original solutions as immediately after 1989 no new movement or literary trend comes into being. Yet, the author makes a point that the very fact that the literary texts function in a completely new system of dependencies allows for regarding the year 1989 as a literary breakthrough. This approach, however, implies that the autonomous, formalistic and structuralist model of understanding the history of literature has to be abandoned.
PL
Przełomowy charakter wydarzeń roku 1989 dla kształtu systemu politycznego w krajach byłego bloku komunistycznego, w tym Słowacji, nie ulega wątpliwości. W dziedzinie literatury cezura ta nie jest tak oczywista, od lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. prowadzone są dyskusje poświęcone różnym szczegółowym aspektom i kontekstom okresu transformacji. Autor artykułu omawia zjawiska, które potwierdzają nową sytuację literatury słowackiej: pluralizm instytucji literackich, rozwój rynku wydawniczego, wpływ mechanizmów rynkowych na życie literackie, reintegrację obiegów literackich. Po 1989 r. zmieniają się także wyobrażenia o roli pisarza, dominujący staje się model indywidualistyczny. W dziedzinie poetyki i struktury tekstów najtrudniej wskazać zdecydowanie nowe rozwiązania, bezpośrednio po 1989 r. nie pojawił się nowy prąd czy tendencja literacka. Autor podkreśla jednak, że sam fakt usytuowania i funkcjonowania tekstów literackich w zupełnie nowym systemie relacji pozwala na potraktowanie 1989 r. w kategoriach przełomu literackiego. Podejście takie wiąże się z rezygnacją z autonomicznego, formalistyczno-strukturalistycznego modelu rozumienia historii literatury.
EN
The article concerns prose of the Slovak contemporary writer, Márius Kopcsay and it focuses on the analysis of the type of protagonist created in his books. Kopcsay draws on the ironic, demitologising line in Slovak literature and records everyday life of ordinary, worthless, often physically and mentally distorted character. The typical protagonist of his short-stories collections (A Critical Day, 1998, A Lost Years, 2004, Useless life, 2006) and the novel Home (2005) has problems with adaptation, he is not able to build good relationships in his work, he can’t communicate with his family. Specific creation of main character in Kopcsay’s prose can be interpreted in a context of postmodern philosophy, although his texts are traditional and realistic; the second important aspect is new cultural and social situation in post-communistic countries and its influence on people’s identity.
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