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Habsbursko-osmanské soupeření v Uhrách v kontextu říšských a papežských dějin (Tažení křesťanského vojska k Budínu roku 1542)

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Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2019
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vol. 117
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issue 4
935-991
EN
The author provides new context in explaining the unsuccessful attempt of Western Christianity to reclaim the Hungarian city of Pest in 1542 in the wider political context of that time. He takes into account the interdependence of other military actions, which took place in parallel and significantly influenced the course of this campaign to Hungary (the French offensive in the Netherlands and Catalonia and the occupation of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by troops of the Schmalkaldic League). The vast majority of the Imperial army only passively participated in the brief siege of the city of Pest. The conquest of the city at the beginning of October 1542 was attempted mainly by Hungarian and Italian troops, especially the infantry units of the papal army, which was sent to Hungary by Pope Paul III. Based on a new research of sources from the accounting documentation of the Papal Chamber, the author performs a detailed analysis of the personnel composition of this papal army.
2
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Historická věda a její bodové hodnocení v České republice za období 2013-2015

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Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2018
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vol. 116
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issue 1
131-157
EN
This article recapitulates the course and results of the overall assessment of publication results, both for the science itself and research, in the discipline of "history" in the Czech Republic from the period 2013-2015. Based on the data acquired in this manner, the re-distribution of financial means for further development of individual research organisations was carried out. On average, the discipline of "history" annually presented about 1800 separate results (academic volumes, chapters in books and articles in scholarly periodicals). The author outlines the methodology of assessment and states the names of actual historians who were members of the panel of assessors. In conclusion he lists the main pros and cons, which this model of assessment brought compared to other systems of assessment. The points system, which directly generates finances for further research, influenced the discipline of "history" considerably in terms of quantity during the period concerned. However, it was possible to eliminate this phenomenon thanks to the physical verification of all submitted results and their allocation on a qualitative scale.
3
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Zahájení "české války" v kontextu vládního bankrotu roku 1615:

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Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2020
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vol. 118
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issue 4
893-963
EN
This study deals with the issue of the new tax law, which was adopted by the Bohemian Provincial Assembly in 1615. In the older literature, this is interpreted as a strategic mistake and weakness of the Bohemian estate opposition, which voluntarily gave in to the emperor’s request and approved the collection of high taxes to repay the monarch’s debts for 5 years (1616– 1620). Based on the preserved sources, the author arrives at a different interpretation and considers the decision of the Provincial Assembly a form of state bankruptcy, which devalued part of the credit assets of a wide range of the monarch’s creditors who did not have Bohemian citizenship. The Provincial Assembly, as the state body controlled by the estates, seized the monarch’s land and established its own central tax office, whose task was to collect current taxes and older arrears (since 1597) and subsequently to use this money independently of the monarch’s financial institutions in accordance with budget appropriation of taxes. As a result, the royal court was cut off from most revenues from Bohemian taxes, which until then formed a decisive part of the court’s income. The author considers these circumstances to be one of the main reasons that led the elected heir to the throne, Ferdinand of Styria, to begin a military campaign in Bohemia in the summer of 1618. His main goal was to control financial resources; the religious-political crisis and the defenestration of the Bohemian governors in May were a suitable pretext for this intervention aimed at the control of economic resources of the Czech Lands.
4
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Obnovení funkce podkomořího králové na počátku raného novověku: revize příjmů královny Anny Jagellonské z českých královských věnných měst roku 1538

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Vorel P., Reischlová D.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2022
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vol. 37
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issue 2
141-167
EN
The study is based on an up till now unused source containing a revision of incomes received by the Bohemian Queen Anne of Bohemia and Hungary from seven dowry towns in the Kingdom of Bohemia (Chrudim, Hradec Králové, Jaroměř, Vysoké Mýto, Polička, Dvůr Králové, and Mělník). Following the death of the Queen’s Vice-Chamberlain Petr Rašín of Rýzmburk († 1537), a thorough control of his incomes and expenses was carried out. The dowry towns were obliged to document – using various sources – changes based on which their obligatory payments to the Queen were lowered compared to the medieval period. Following the revision in 1538, these obligatory payments were adjusted, and their new exact amount was set.
5
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From medieval multinational Empire to early modern nation states (Holy Roman Empire and Central Europe during the 14th-16th centuries)

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Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2023
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vol. 121
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issue 2
365-388
EN
The emergence of nation states in Europe is associated in contemporary historiography with the French Revolution and the development of national movements in the 19th century. The author draws attention to an earlier phase of the formation of nation states, which was related to the power-political crisis of the Holy Roman Empire in the second half of the 15th century. The medieval Empire crossed the boundaries of three major language groups that were mutually unintelligible (Germanic, Romance and Slavic languages). At the time of the creation of the Estates’ monarchies at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, the question of linguistic identity became an important state-forming element.
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Jak se hodnotí kvalita historikovy vědecké práce (Evaluace výsledků české historické vědy podle Metodiky17+ za léta 2016-2020)

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Vorel P., Miller S.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2023
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vol. 121
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issue 1
49-76
EN
The study deals with the genesis of evaluation processes of the results of science and research in history in the Czech Republic. It summarises the fundamental problems related to the relationship between the evaluation of the results of basic and applied research and the funding of individual workplaces. The attention is focused on the current state of the art, i.e., the progress and results of evaluation according to Methodology 17+ for the past five-year period (2016–2020), defines the main weaknesses of this system and explains why bibliometric tools are unusable for history (and other humanities) in practice and why they are not considered at all in the national assessment of science and research in these fields. It introduces discussion topics related to the currently ongoing adjustment of the entire evaluation system so that it takes more into account the discipline specifics of individual scientific areas.
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Český historik Josef Petráň

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Pánek J., Pešek J., Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2018
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vol. 116
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issue 2
361-401
EN
Josef Petráň (1930-2017) is justly ranked among the most pivotal Czech historians of the 20th century and the 21th century’s early years. As Professor of Czech History at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University he educated three generations of students and principally impacted upon the develompment of historiography in the Czech Lands. His extensive publishing activity, spanning from 1951 until 2018 (books published posthumously by his wife and fellow researcher Lydia Petráňová), is marked by an all-encompassing breadth of themes, methodological thoroughness and a continuing focus on the key themes of Czech and Central European history of the Late Middle Ages up to present times. The work of Josef Petráň progressed under the difficult conditions of the Communist regime (he himself was persecuted repeatedly), yet it nevertheless became an expression of free thinking and effort to present the truthful interpretation of history against regime propaganda; however, some of his seminal works could only be published after 1989. This article presents a brief outline of the life and work of Josef Petráň (Part I); it then focuses on the evaluation of his works from the field of the economic and social history of the Early Modern Age (Part II) and finally on works from the history of culture and education, in particular Charles University (Part III).
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