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EN
The study focuses on the functional combinatorics of the congruent attributions from the viewpoint of the universal-pragmatic theory of naturalness and the principle of cognitive economy. It deals with the procedural aspect of attributions which reflect a close connection between the syntactic and lexical level of language and interplay of the short and long term memory. Relying on the data of the Slovak National Corpus, the aim of the article is to (1) identify the factors which determine the substantive basis of a construction on the level of preference and recurrence, (2) specify semantically resonant attributions of the first, second and third prenominal zones, (3) explain the conflict between a restrictive function of the attribute and an expansive core of the developing attribution possibly caused by a constant balancing between the necessity of semantic (and grammar) compatibility and possibilities of pragmatic emphasis. The epistemic value of the article is its attempt to discuss particular ways by which its findings can be applied to other conceptual domains. It also aims at using its many exemplifications in further generalizations.
EN
Egocentricals are lexemes, grammatical categories (particularly the grammatical renditions of aspect, verbal gender, tense and mood) and syntactic structures, the semantics of which anticipates the implied speaker as a participant in the situation being described. The aim of this study is to define the lexical egocentricals in Slovak and outline the semantic-pragmatic roles of the speaker roles in the narrative statements. We distinguish between the semantic (receptor) and communicative (speaker) role, i.e. perspective and focalization, as an essential starting point for understanding egocentricals. We also distinguish between the canonical and non-canonical communication situation, i.e. primary and secondary egocentricals. We present a set of nine semantic-pragmatic roles, in which the egocentricals act from the pragmatic perspective as modifiers of statements and contribute to the implementation of the communication intentions of the speaker.
EN
The study focuses on the functional combinatorics of the congruent attributions from the viewpoint of the universal-pragmatic theory of naturalness and the principle of cognitive economy. It deals with the procedural aspect of attributions which reflect a close connection between the syntactic and lexical level of language and interplay of the short and long term memory. Relying on the data of the Slovak National Corpus, the aim of the article is to (1) identify the factors which determine the substantive basis of a construction on the level of preference and recurrence, (2) specify semantically resonant attributions of the first, second and third prenominal zones, (3) explain the conflict between a restrictive function of the attribute and an expansive core of the developing attribution possibly caused by a constant balancing between the necessity of semantic (and grammar) compatibility and possibilities of pragmatic emphasis. The epistemic value of the article is its attempt to discuss particular ways by which its findings can be applied to other conceptual domains. It also aims at using its many exemplifications in further generalizations.
EN
The topic of the present paper is linguistic self-presentation of the speaker, implemented through the structures with an explicit we and a noun modifier N, which is an updated and ostentatious expression of one of its real or fictitious social and/or personal roles. The structures of collective identity are judged as composite units, which the speaker uses and verifies himself/ herself intuitively. The engagement of the speaker is reflected through the synergy of functions such as communication, thematization, social relations, influence and self-presentation. The study focuses on the interpretation of structures of collective identity of the speaker in terms of their systemic properties and discursive realizations, i.e. in terms of ego projection and ego presentation. We follow from (a) the thematization of collective identity, reflecting on (i) the difference between the cumulative and distributive frequency, (ii) preference of either the classification or qualification reasoning, (iii) use of the pragmatic approach when confirming or denying the factual nature of collective identity, and (b) the role of emphasis in the formation and discursive use of the structures of collective identity of the speaker.
EN
The study deals with the linguistic self-presentation of the speaker carried out through constructions with an explicit I and a substantive modificator which constitute linguistic presentation of one or more social statuses. Variability of constructions mirrors diversity of attitude constellations. It reflects cognitive and discursive differentiation of the aspect of I as an initiator of self-presentation and an aspect of I as a corrector of self-presentation. This condition has its roots in the duality of self-reflection in which I is enrooted as a subject of activity (dynamic I) and I as an object of self-reflection. Diversity of function and form of the self-presentation constructions in Slovak is determined by the combination of approaches and procedures which use the approaches of self-determination and concretization as well as affirmation and negation.
EN
The central theme of this study is the axiological non-availability of language means in Slovak. It is defined as an inherent semantic-axiological perspective of the language means that determines the syntactic structures of their use and influences the meaning and adequacy of communication interactions. Since the non-available language means involve pragmatically sensitive expressions, will we be interested in exploring the licensed contexts in which they are used by the speakers. As a basic explanatory construct in ego-linguistics, the speaker operates as a person and also in terms of his/her communication roles in linguistic semantics. The study focuses on (a) the issue of attitude and focalization, which is associated with the speaker, and (b) identity and circumstances of distribution of the expressions with a strong and weak non-availability. Our reasoning will be based on the use of the inference scheme known as “abduction”, and/or “abductive explanation”. The data used in our research were taken from the Slovak National Corpus.
EN
The ambition of this study is to present the particle also in the contexts that determine its validity in speech/text in communication and pragmatic contexts. The assessment is based on the presumption of the intentionality and purposeful nature of the speaker’s verbal action and the concept of fact. In this paper, we focus on (a) the functional characteristics of the particle also (as a presupposition trigger and updater); (b) the reconstruction of sentence meaning through the commutability of the particle also by metalinguistic expressions (explanatory operators, such as ʻtakistoʼ (as well), ʻajʼ (too), ʻaniʼ (neither), ʻnavyšeʼ (moreover) / ʻzároveňʼ (at the same time) / ʻpopritomʼ (along with) / ʻokrem tohoʼ (in addition to)); (c) identification of the frameworks of functional polyinterpretation (within the source domains of agreement, comparison and contradiction, and the relationships of cause, conditionality, and admission, etc.), which form the semantic and pragmatic basis of the functioning of the particle also and participate in its decoding and encoding. We will analyse and interpret the selected phenomena based on the data collected from the Slovak National Corpus. The numerous documents support and clarify the analysed issues.
Slavica Slovaca
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2020
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vol. 55
|
issue 2
257 – 268
EN
This study focuses on the concept of the recipient in terms of (a) his/her intended and real semantic-pragmatic and communicative role, (b) language means used in addressing with illocution toward the recipient and (c) verification of communicative circumstances used in connection with the recipient in the speech acts according to the illocutionary functions because we build on the fact that a speech act is the most essential element of interaction. Our default methodological basis is the understanding of the dual – linguistic and communicative-pragmatic – status of the recipient, resulting in the systemic and functional approach. We will only explore Slovak. The material database will consist of the documents from the Slovak National Corpus because these documents are a representative sample capturing the speech used in different areas of communication. Our approach will be based on the verification of theoretical findings through discursive realizations.
Slavica Slovaca
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2022
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vol. 57
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issue 2
137-148
EN
The subject of the study is a definitional understanding and reflection on the linguistic variables used in the methodology of text analysis. The impetus to write this paper was the definition of the very linguistic entities that text is made out of, and their conceptual and terminological designation from the point of view of the text linguistics. The term variable was chosen for the flexibility of its status and value. Linguistic variables are presented from the perspective of systemic, textual, quantitative and corpus linguistics. Interpretation, which is used in the sense of explanation, is the methodological framework. The definition of the linguistic variables is connected with the operational steps of segmentation, identification and classification. A distinction is made between the linguistic variables with a primarily systemic value, which traditionally show the linguistic (langue) and speech (parole) status, and the linguistic variables with a primarily textual and pragmatic value.
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